Worldwide peatland degradations and the related carbon dioxide emissions: the importance of policy regulations

Urák, István; Hartel, Tibor; Gallé, Róbert; Balog, Adalbert

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2016.12.012

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Parish et al (2008) mapped proportional peatland cover by country, providing a national-level choropleth of peatland coverage without subnational detail. The more recent International Mire Conservation Group Global Peatland Database (IMCG-GPD) (Joosten, 2009) estimates were derived from a wide review of the available literature and from expert opinion, and are now widely used (Ciais et al, 2014;Davidson, 2014;Köchy et al, 2015;Smith et al, 2016;Urak et al, 2017). Joosten (2009), however, noted that IMCG-GPD contains large uncertainties, particularly in South America and Africa due to poor availability of source data there.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEATMAP: Refining estimates of global peatland distribution based on a meta-analysis

Morris

Liu

et al. 2018

CATENA

547

399

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Peatlands play important ecological, economic and cultural roles in human well-being. Although considered sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic pressures, the spatial extent of peatlands is poorly constrained. We report the development of an improved global peatland map, PEATMAP, based on a meta-analysis of geospatial information collated from a variety of sources at global, regional and national levels. We estimate total global peatland area to be 4.23 million km 2 , approximately 2.84 % of the world land area. Our results suggest that previous global peatland inventories are likely to underestimate peat extent in the tropics, and to overestimate it in parts of mid-and high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Global wetland and soil datasets are poorly suited to estimating peatland distribution. For instance, tropical peatland extents are overestimated by Global Lakes and Wetlands Database-Level 3 (GLWD-3) due to the lack of ground data; and underestimated by the use of histosols to represent peatlands in the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) v1.2, as large areas of swamp forest peat in the humid tropics are omitted. PEATMAP and its underlying data are freely available as a potentially useful tool for scientists and policy makers with interests in peatlands or wetlands. PEATMAP's data format and file structure are intended to allow it to be readily updated when previously undocumented peatlands are found and mapped, and when regional or national land cover maps are updated and refined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEATMAP: Refining estimates of global peatland distribution based on a meta-analysis

Morris

Liu

et al. 2018

CATENA

547

399

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“…In bogs the slowly and incompletely decaying plant material builds up as peat. This naturally accumulated peat layer has an important role in carbon stocking worldwide (Urák et al 2017). Peat bogs have postglacial origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peat bogs have postglacial origin. They were once typical landscape elements in Central Europe, but today, especially as a result of human influences (forest management activities, peat extraction, climate warming, secondary succession), the degradation of these habitats became pronounced (Doyle 1990;Buchholz 2016;Urák et al 2017). As a consequence, nowadays peat bogs are highly endangered and very sensitive habitats in Central Europe (Charman 2002;Riecken et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Even the smallest habitat patch matters: on the fauna of peat bogs

et al. 2019

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Peat bogs are highly endangered and very sensitive habitats in Central Europe. Their high water table, acidity and characteristic climate determine their specialized flora and fauna with numerous rare species. Peat bogs are threatened by soil erosion and nutrient infiltration due to forestry management or grazing. Several small, natural peat bogs exist in the Carpathians, mainly covered with birch and pine forests. Here we assessed the effect of geological location, peat bog size and tree species on the spider fauna. We collected spiders with pitfall traps in eight peat bogs in Eastern Transylvania. We identified several species of high nature conservation value, regarded to be rare in the Central-European fauna. We found higher species richness, abundance and diversity in birch forests than in pine forests. The open canopy of birch forests may allow open habitat specialists to occur in high densities in these forests. Species composition was affected by geological location, indicating that the regional fauna of peat bogs in different mountain ranges are isolated. However, we found no significant effect of habitat area on spider assemblages, the valuable tyrphophilic spider fauna was present even in the smallest peat bog. Peat bog spider fauna requires specific habitat conditions, we suggest that preserving hydrological properties and water quality even in the smallest bogs would conserve the specialized fauna.

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“…To date, no consensus has emerged on how soil organisms will respond to warming and precipitation change. Worldwide peatland degradation is predicted to increase by 17% from 2008 to 2025 (Urák et al, 2017), with one vital phenomenon for peatland degradation being water table drawdown. Studies have shown that the overall composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities, aerobic decomposers, and methane cycle microbes are affected by drought and rewetting (Potter et al, 2017), water table drawdown (Jaatinen et al, 2007;Yrjälä et al, 2011), and drainage (Jaatinen et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Soil Prokaryotic Community Under Simulated Warming and Rainfall Reduction in Different Water Table Peatlands of the Zoige Plateau

Chen

Yan

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Climate change and water table drawdown impact the community structure and diversity of peatland soil prokaryotes. Nonetheless, how soil prokaryotes of different water tables respond to climate change remains largely unknown. This study used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to evaluate the variation in soil prokaryotes under scenarios of warming, rainfall reduction, and their combination in different water table peatlands on the Zoige Plateau in China. Stimulated climate change affected some of the diversity indexes and relative abundances of soil prokaryotes in three water table peatlands. Additionally, those from the dry-rewetting event peatland had the most dominant phyla (genera) that showed significant changes in a relative abundance due to the simulated climate change treatments. Regarding functional microbial groups of carbon and nitrogen cycling, simulated climate change did not affect the abundances of the Euryarchaeota, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Methanobacterium in three water table peatlands, except NC10 and Nitrospirae. Redundancy analysis showed that the prokaryotic community variation was primary impacted by site properties of the different water table peatlands rather than the simulated climate change treatments. Moreover, the water table, total carbon, total nitrogen, and soil pH were the primary factors for the overall variation in the soil prokaryotic structure. This study provides a theoretical guidance for management strategies in the Zoige peatland, under climate change scenarios. More attention should be given to the interactive effects of peatland water table drawdown and simulated climate changes for better restorative efforts in water table drawdown, rather than simply adapting to climate change.

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Worldwide peatland degradations and the related carbon dioxide emissions: the importance of policy regulations

Cited by 41 publications

References 52 publications

PEATMAP: Refining estimates of global peatland distribution based on a meta-analysis

PEATMAP: Refining estimates of global peatland distribution based on a meta-analysis

Even the smallest habitat patch matters: on the fauna of peat bogs

Variation in the Soil Prokaryotic Community Under Simulated Warming and Rainfall Reduction in Different Water Table Peatlands of the Zoige Plateau

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