Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV by site, country and HPV type

Abstract

HPV is the cause of almost all cervical cancer and is responsible for a substantial fraction of other anogenital cancers and oropharyngeal cancers. Understanding the HPV‐attributable cancer burden can boost programs of HPV vaccination and HPV‐based cervical screening. Attributable fractions (AFs) and the relative contributions of different HPV types were derived from published studies reporting on the prevalence of transforming HPV infection in cancer tissue. Maps of age‐standardized incidence rates of HPV‐attributable cancers by country from GLOBOCAN 2012 data are shown separately for the cervix, other anogenital tract and head and neck cancers. The relative contribution of HPV16/18 and HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 was also estimated. 4.5% of all cancers worldwide (630,000 new cancer cases per year) are attributable to HPV: 8.6% in women and 0.8% in men. AF in women ranges from <3% in Australia/New Zealand and the USA to >20% in India and sub‐Saharan Africa. Cervix accounts for 83% of HPV‐attributable cancer, two‐thirds of which occur in less developed countries. Other HPV‐attributable anogenital cancer includes 8,500 vulva; 12,000 vagina; 35,000 anus (half occurring in men) and 13,000 penis. In the head and neck, HPV‐attributable cancers represent 38,000 cases of which 21,000 are oropharyngeal cancers occurring in more developed countries. The relative contributions of HPV16/18 and HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 are 73% and 90%, respectively. Universal access to vaccination is the key to avoiding most cases of HPV‐attributable cancer. The preponderant burden of HPV16/18 and the possibility of cross‐protection emphasize the importance of the introduction of more affordable vaccines in less developed countries.

A Targeted LC‐MS Strategy for Low‐Abundant HLA Class‐I‐Presented Peptide Detection Identifies Novel Human Papillomavirus T‐Cell Epitopes

“…High‐risk types of HPV cause anogenital and oropharyngeal cancer. The most important HPV‐induced malignancy is cervical cancer, which is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide 6. The vast majority of cervical cancer is caused by HPV16 and HPV18 (60 and 15% of cases, respectively) 6, 7.…”

“…The most important HPV‐induced malignancy is cervical cancer, which is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide 6. The vast majority of cervical cancer is caused by HPV16 and HPV18 (60 and 15% of cases, respectively) 6, 7. The likelihood to get infected with a high‐risk HPV type and consequently develop cancer was reduced after prophylactic vaccines became available for immunization of adolescents in 2006 8.…”

Using novel biomarkers to triage young adult women with minor cervical lesions: a cost‐effectiveness analysis

“…A study using data from the GLOBOCAN 2012 database estimated that 4.5% of all incident cancer cases worldwide are attributable to HPV [9]. The study reported a considerable variation in the HPV-attributable fraction (for all cancers among both men and women) across geographical regions, which was generally higher in less developed countries than more developed countries, and ranged from 1.3% in Australia and New Zealand to 15.8% in Sub-Saharan Africa.…”

“…There should be an agreed policy on whom to treat as patients. 9. The cost of case-finding (including diagnosis and treatment of patients diagnosed) should be economically balanced in relation to possible expenditure on medical care as a whole.…”

Human Papillomavirus Genotypes and HPV16 E6/E7 Variants among Patients with Genital Cancers in Vietnam

“…Twelve HPV genotypes, HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59, are designated as "high-risk HPV" based on their association with cancers (5,6). HPV16 and HPV18 account for about 70% of cervical cancers and 60-87% of non-cervical cancers, such as vaginal and anal cancers, worldwide (3,6). HPV16 is reported to be the most oncogenic and responsible for more than half of the papillomavirus-induced anogenital cancers (6,7).…”