Worldwide Behavior of Average VHF‐UHF Scintillation

Fremouw, E. J.; Bates, Howard F.

doi:10.1029/rs006i010p00863

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…(56)]. The Nakagamidistribution often gives the best fit to land-mobile [34]- [36], indoor-mobile [37] multipath propagation, as well as scintillating ionospheric radio links [22], [38]- [41].…”

Section: B Multilink and Fading Channel Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unified approach to the probability of error for noncoherent and differentially coherent modulations over generalized fading channels

Simon

Alouini

1998

IEEE Trans. Commun.

175

136

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Section: B Multilink and Fading Channel Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unified approach to the probability of error for noncoherent and differentially coherent modulations over generalized fading channels

Simon

Alouini

1998

IEEE Trans. Commun.

175

136

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“…Some ofthe first reports on the global morphology ofionospheric scintillation were published in areport edited by Aarons (1970), and in papers by Aarons and Allen (1971), and Fremouw and Bates (1971); also a worldwide model ofF-layer scintillation was published by Fremouw and Rino (1971). Either extra-galactic sources such as radio stars, or satellite beacon transmitters may be used as the signal sources for earth-observed ionospheric scintillations, and both geostationary and orbiting satellite beacons have been used.…”

Section: Rbe Studies O/ionospheric Scintillationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio Techniques for Probing the Terrestrial Ionosphere

Hunsucker¹

1991

Physics and Chemistry in Space

105

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“…On the dayside, onset of the irregularities coincides with the precipitation of low-energy electrons in the cleft region [Dyson and Winningham, 1974]. Not shown in Figure 21 is a region of weak scintillation at mid-latitudes that appears to maximize at night [Fremouw and Bates, 1971]. The intensity of the scintillation as a function of latitude, local time, and magnetic storm behavior measured by many independent observers has been used to construct global models for the phenomenon [e.g., Fremouw and Bates, 1971;Fremouw and Rino, 1973;Pope, 1974].…”

Section: Small-scale Structure In the Ionospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite beacon contributions to studies of the structure of the ionosphere

Evans¹

1977

Reviews of Geophysics

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The signals transmitted by radio beacons on board artificial earth satellites have been widely used for studies of the earth's ionosphere. Following the launch of Sputnik 1, two lines of investigation quickly emerged, the study of the total columnar content of the ionosphere (up to the height of the satellite) and the study of the fine‐scale irregularities within the layer responsible for causing rapid fading of the received signals. Early studies of total content employed either the Faraday rotation or the differential Doppler method and suffered because of an ambiguity in the results. This was overcome when satellites were launched that carried beacons transmitting on closely spaced frequencies. The measurements then provided information on the diurnal, seasonal, and sunspot cycle variations of the total content. In addition, by comparing the measurements with true height analyses of ionosonde records, useful results were obtained concerning the ratio of the number of electrons lying above the peak of the F layer to the number below and the layer thickness. Presently, the most useful product of the low‐altitude satellite measurements of ionospheric total content is in revealing latitudinal irregularities produced, for example, by traveling ionospheric disturbances or by auroral zone processes. The advent of geostationary satellites has made possible long continuous records of total content for many fixed locations on the earth, and by using multiple frequencies it has also been possible to study the exchange of plasma between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere. An extension of these observations to higher latitudes could resolve the question of whether the shrinkage of the plasmasphere during magnetically disturbed periods is accomplished by ‘peeling away’ the outer shells or by an inward compression of the plasma into the ionosphere. The morphology of ionospheric scintillation has been studied extensively by using beacon signals. In addition, these studies have shown that the spectrum of irregularities is power law (rather than Gaussian) and at the equator can extend to very small spatial scales. It is generally agreed that the irregularities responsibile for scintillation are created by some form of plasma instability; there seems to be a good candidate in the case of the equatorial irregularities but not in the case of irregularities at mid‐and auroral latitudes. It may be that different instability mechanisms operate in the auroral zone and at mid‐latitudes and/or at different times.

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Worldwide Behavior of Average VHF‐UHF Scintillation

Cited by 31 publications

References 37 publications

A unified approach to the probability of error for noncoherent and differentially coherent modulations over generalized fading channels

A unified approach to the probability of error for noncoherent and differentially coherent modulations over generalized fading channels

Radio Techniques for Probing the Terrestrial Ionosphere

Satellite beacon contributions to studies of the structure of the ionosphere

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