Worldwide annual optimum tilt angle model for solar collectors and photovoltaic systems in the absence of site meteorological data

Chinchilla, M.; Santos-Martín, David; Carpintero-Rentería, Miguel; Lemon, S.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116056

Cited by 50 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The highest values were observed near the local latitude, 23º. Similar results were previously reported in the literature [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]13].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Finally, it is concluded that a cleaning routine plays an important role in the control of dirt, corroborating the provisions in the literature [4][5][6][7]13]. This is because, despite the high incidence of precipitation, the observed losses due to soiling remain significant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Soiling is the accumulation of material on the surface of the PV module, where this material acts as an obstacle to the solar irradiance, preventing part of it from being converted through photovoltaic conversion [3][4][5][6]. This reduction of energy generation has been estimated to vary in a range from 5 up to 15 % of the nominal capacity [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This variation of the angle has a strong influence on the cleaning of the modules by natural factors such as rain and wind, at 0° the cleaning by rain is minimized, and at 90° this is maximized. This phenomenon is explained by the action of gravity, where the larger diameter particles move to the lower parts of the module and may even leave its surface, as the tilt angle increases [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soiling accumulation impact on PV modules installed at different tilted angles in São Paulo, Brazil

Misquita

Zilles

2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The present study was carried out at the University of São Paulo (USP), in the capital campus, in Butantã, São Paulo. On the rooftop of the Photovoltaic Systems Laboratory (LSF). This study used twenty photovoltaic modules with a unit power of 20 Wp. Before the beginning of the study, the modules were exposed to natural light so that they would suffer the LID effect. Subsequently, all modules were calibrated to measure the solar irradiance, using IEC 60904-2 using a pyranometer as a secondary reference sensor. After calibration, the modules were arranged in pairs, with angles ranging from 0 to 45° as reference to the surface, with a difference between pairs of 5°. To evaluate the influence of rainfall, which is the main responsible for the natural cleaning of the modules. The pluviometric values were obtained from the meteorological station of the Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences of the USP. The module allocated at 0°, “Dirty” was used as reference and all the results obtained were calculated in relation to it. The results for the 18 months of experiment showed the non-linear influence of soiling, acting in a stronger way for the less inclined angles, and after 10°, this influence, became less relevant, in comparison to the previous angle. The largest losses were found for 0° and 5°, the losses exclusively to soiling were 8.16 % and 6.82 % respectively. For angles greater than 10°, the soiling effect was attenuated, which resulted in less significant losses, for 15° the difference between the impact of dirt compared to 10° was only 0.1%. Rainfall also had a very relevant impact on the experiment. This study concluded that the optimal angle, where dirt accumulation was reduced, the rainfall cleaning and relative gains were optimized is in the range between 20° and 30°.

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“…The highest values were observed near the local latitude, 23º. Similar results were previously reported in the literature [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]13].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Soiling accumulation impact on PV modules installed at different tilted angles in São Paulo, Brazil

Misquita

Zilles

2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…In the Northern/Southern Hemisphere, fixed-tilt monofacial solar panels conventionally face south/ north, because the southern/northern azimuth may ensure maximal solar energy [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Monofacial panels collect light only from their photovoltaic front side, while bifacial panels use special solar cells and a transparent cover to collect light not only from the front, but also from the rear side [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the morning-afternoon cloudiness asymmetry affects the energy-maximizing azimuth direction of fixed-tilt monofacial solar panels

et al. 2022

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In the Northern Hemisphere, south is the conventional azimuth direction of fixed-tilt monofacial solar panels, because this orientation may maximize the received light energy. How does the morning-afternoon cloudiness asymmetry affect the energy-maximizing azimuth direction of such solar panels? Prompted by this question, we calculated the total light energy received by a fixed-tilt monofacial solar panel in a whole year, using the celestial motion of the Sun and the direct and diffuse radiation measured hourly throughout the year in three North American (Boone County, Tennessee, Georgia) and European (Italy, Hungary, Sweden) regions. Here we show that, depending on the tilt angle and the local cloudiness conditions, the energy-maximizing ideal azimuth of a solar panel more or less turns eastward from south, if afternoons are cloudier than mornings in a yearly average. In certain cases, the turn of the ideal azimuth of such solar panels may be worth taking into consideration, even though the maximum energy gain is not larger than 5% for nearly vertical panels. Specifically, when solar panels are fixed on vertical walls or oblique roofs with non-ideal tilt, the deviation of the energy-maximizing azimuth from the south can be incorporated in the design of buildings.

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Characteristics of various radiative fluxes: global, tilted, direct, and diffused radiation—a case study of Nigeria

Agbo

Ettah

Edet

et al. 2023

Meteorol Atmos Phys

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Worldwide annual optimum tilt angle model for solar collectors and photovoltaic systems in the absence of site meteorological data

Cited by 50 publications

References 87 publications

Soiling accumulation impact on PV modules installed at different tilted angles in São Paulo, Brazil

Soiling accumulation impact on PV modules installed at different tilted angles in São Paulo, Brazil

How the morning-afternoon cloudiness asymmetry affects the energy-maximizing azimuth direction of fixed-tilt monofacial solar panels

Characteristics of various radiative fluxes: global, tilted, direct, and diffused radiation—a case study of Nigeria

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