World Terrestrial Ecosystems

Sayre, Roger; Martin, Madeline; Karagulle, Deniz; Frye, Charlie; Breyer, Sean; Wright, Dawn J.; Butler, Kevin A.; VanGraafeiland, Keith; Boucher, Timothy M.; McGowan, Jennifer; Touval, Jerry; Wolff, Nicholas H.; Sotomayor, Leonardo; Game, Edward T.; Possingham, Hugh P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.12474-1

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Therefore, in Europe, the suggested priorities for improving connectivity are: targeted designation of connecting PAs; increasing permeability of unprotected land; coordinated management of adjacent PAs and transboundary PA linkages (Saura et al, 2018). The second concern is a general lack of representation of ecosystems and species in PAs, both at the global and biogeographic levels (Gruber et al, 2012;Sayre et al, 2020). Although the Natura 2000 network formally already meets the terrestrial areal component of Aichi Target 11 (EEA, 2021), it still lacks in terms of representativeness of European ecoregions (Müller et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, further revision and following amendments to lists of protected species, along with adequate updates of management plans, may be necessary to provide a better representation of threatened species (Maiorano et al, 2015;Hermoso et al, 2019). Speaking of the third deficiency in PA quality, the real conservation status of PAs is, in the end, always a function of management effectiveness (Sayre et al, 2020), so even the expertly designed ecological network such as Natura 2000 is pointless without adequate enforcement and governance (Müller et al, 2018). Only if PAs are whether large enough, well connected, representing diverse habitats or properly managed, they are successful in protecting threatened species compared to other land uses (Gray et al, 2016).Finally, cultural and institutional sources of social injustice exist regarding the management of PAs in the realities of the developing world (Martin et al, 2016), in which societies are most vulnerable to the detrimental effects of global environmental change (Ehrlich et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards forward-looking nature governance to meet conservation goals of Natura 2000 sites in the European Union: experts’ perspectives

Boćkowski

Raymond

Plieninger

et al. 2022

Environ Dev Sustain

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As Natura 2000 missed challenges of halting biodiversity decline, its’ management is being affected by factors of ecological, political, and economic character. To address the shortcomings revealed during the Fitness Check and to facilitate meeting the EU’s biodiversity targets, the European Commission developed an “Action Plan for Nature, People and the Economy” prioritizing areas for improvement. However, mixed views still exist on the Natura 2000 governance; it is not certain that Action Plan would address existing drawbacks. The aim of the research was to identify divergent and convergent experts’ attitudes towards biodiversity conservation in Europe, with a focus on forward-looking environmental governance and policy-informing perspective. Participants representing multiple disciplines and professional backgrounds related to planning, governance, or management of Natura 2000 sites provided a comprehensive overview on the topic and address-related challenges. Based on the results of a Delphi survey, we established a framework for illuminating the spaces of disjunction in experts’ views towards Natura 2000 conservation. We distinguished three main divergence areas in views towards future network operation: (1) raising public awareness of environmental problems in the network, (2) the role of the European Commission in building political ownership of Natura 2000 sites among landholders, and (3) funding of Natura 2000. Then, based on revealed dichotomies, we return with drawing a roadmap for promoting more consensual outcomes. The results should help enable the practical management of conflicting views and the effective engagement of future biodiversity conservation strategies in Europe and beyond.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards forward-looking nature governance to meet conservation goals of Natura 2000 sites in the European Union: experts’ perspectives

Boćkowski

Raymond

Plieninger

et al. 2022

Environ Dev Sustain

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We also noted the taxa (fish, reptile, amphibian, bird, mammal), species names and the climatic zone (tropical, subtropical, warm temperate, cold temperate, boreal, polar). Specifically, we used the map (figure 1) published in Sayre et al (2020) and determined in which among the six defined climatic zones the study subjects were captured.…”

Section: Data Collection Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Few studies of wild animal performance account for parasite infections: a systematic review

Chrétien¹,

Bonville²,

Guitard³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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1. Wild animals have parasites. This inconvenient truth has far-reaching implications for biologists measuring animal performance traits: infection with parasites can alter host behaviour and physiology in profound and sometimes counterintuitive ways. Yet, to what extent do studies on wild animals take individual infection status into account? 2. We performed a systematic review across eight scientific journals primarily publishing studies in animal behaviour and physiology over a 5-year period to assess the proportion of studies which acknowledge, treat or control for parasite infection in their study design and/or analyses. 3. We explored whether parasite inclusion differed between studies that are experimental versus observational, conducted in the field vs the laboratory and measured behavioural vs physiological traits. We also investigated the importance of other factors such as the journal, the trait category (e.g. locomotion, reproduction) measured, the vertebrate taxonomic group investigated, and the host climatic zone of origin. 4. Our results show that parasite inclusion was generally lacking across recent studies on wild vertebrates. In over 680 filtered papers, we found that only 21.9% acknowledged the potential effects of infections on animal performance in the text, and only 5.1% of studies treated animals for infection (i.e. parasite control) or considered infection status in the statistical analyses (i.e. parasite analysis). Parasite inclusion, control and analysis were higher in laboratory compared to field studies and higher for physiological studies compared to behavioural studies but did not differ among journals, performance trait categories and taxonomic groups. Among climatic zones, parasite inclusion, control and analysis were higher in tropical, subtropical, and temperate zones than in boreal and polar zones.5. Overall, our literature review suggests that parasites are sorely under-acknowledged by researchers in recent years despite growing evidence that infections can modify animal performance. Given the ubiquity of parasites in the environment, we encourage scientists to consider individual infection status when assessing performance of wild animals. We also suggest ways for researchers to implement such practices in both experimental and observational studies.

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“…Much attention has been paid to carbon accumulation (sequestration) in terrestrial ecosystems, but mainly the forest biomass is studied (for example, in the Kyoto Protocol program), the dynamics of carbon in soils of arid lands is not paid enough attention [15][16]. Yet drylands occupy a significant portion of the global surface and are home to more than one-third of the human population [17][18]. Changes in land use can both increase the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere and vice versa by enhancing the absorption and accumulation of carbon from the atmosphere and transferring it into soil humus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land use influence on organic carbon dynamics in soils of dryland agrolandscapes

et al. 2021

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Degradation of land used in agricultural production is studied. Different land use practices influence on the organic carbon content in arable soils of agrolandscapes on arid territories as an example. By the example of Rostov and Samara regions, the existing agricultural land ownership structure has been analyzed, and the dynamics of sown areas and humus content in arable soils has been studied. It is shown that in the course of the land reform there was a redistribution of land ownership, which is more pronounced in the Samara and Rostov regions than in the Russian Federation as a whole due to agricultural land predominance in the land fund. Agricultural landscapes in the provinces occupy most of the studied regions and are currently characterized by the processes of degradation. Private land ownership does not guarantee the implementation of measures to preserve and improve soil fertility without the development in the implementation of regulatory and legal framework for the rational use of land at the regional or federal level. Without the development of a system of comprehensive measures to organize the rational use of land at the federal and regional levels, landscape agro-ecological condition will continue to deteriorate.

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World Terrestrial Ecosystems

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Towards forward-looking nature governance to meet conservation goals of Natura 2000 sites in the European Union: experts’ perspectives

Towards forward-looking nature governance to meet conservation goals of Natura 2000 sites in the European Union: experts’ perspectives

Few studies of wild animal performance account for parasite infections: a systematic review

Land use influence on organic carbon dynamics in soils of dryland agrolandscapes

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