World Stress Map

Heidbach, Oliver; Rajabi, Mojtaba; Reiter, Karsten; Ziegler, Moritz

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02330-4_195-1

Cited by 43 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…5B), where geodetic strains are expected as pure strike-slip movements, but earthquakes are purely normal faulting events. The easternmost EARS in Madagascar shows one compression-strike-slip event that is near a region in southern Madagascar, where tectonic deformation is consistent 27 (Fig. 5C).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…( A – C ) are the predicted tectonic strain styles for the northern EARS, central EARS, and easternmost EARS respectively. Moment tensor styles are overlain as transparent colored circles with the same scale as the background style map as documented in the World Stress Map Database 27 . The color scale for the background tectonic style map is determined by equally dividing the rake values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Fig. 5A–C, we overlay the style of present-day deformation determined from focal mechanisms along the EARS, as documented in the World Stress Map 27 . We find extensional events, that are either purely normal or with a dip-slip component, and that are consistent with most of the expected deformation due to tectonics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Geodetic Strain Rate Model for the East African Rift System

Stamps

Saria

Kreemer

2018

Sci Rep

115

155

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Here we describe the new Sub-Saharan Africa Geodetic Strain Rate Model v.1.0 (SSA-GSRM v.1.0), which provides fundamental constraints on long-term tectonic deformation in the region and an improved seismic hazards assessment in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa encompasses the East African Rift System, the active divergent plate boundary between the Nubian and Somalian plates, where strain is largely accommodated along the boundaries of three subplates. We develop an improved geodetic strain rate field for sub-Saharan Africa that incorporates 1) an expanded geodetic velocity field, 2) redefined regions of deforming zones guided by seismicity distribution, and 3) updated constraints on block rotations. SSA-GSRM v.1.0 spans longitudes 22° to 55.5° and latitudes −52° to 20° with 0.25° (longitude) by 0.2° (latitude) spacing. For plates/sub-plates, we assign rigid block rotations as constraints on the strain rate calculation that is determined by fitting bicubic Bessel splines to a new geodetic velocity solution for an interpolated velocity gradient tensor field. We derive strain rates, velocities, and vorticity rates from the velocity gradient tensor field. A comparison with the Global Geodetic Strain Rate model v2.1 reveals regions of previously unresolved spatial heterogeneities in geodetic strain rate distribution, which indicates zones of elevated seismic risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Geodetic Strain Rate Model for the East African Rift System

Stamps

Saria

Kreemer

2018

Sci Rep

115

155

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“…Although the two earthquakes have very different mechanisms and occurred on very different fault planes, their P axes are very similar (227°for EQ 1, 234°for EQ 2, Tables S1 and S2) and consistent with NE-SW regional maximum compressive stress (Heidbach et al, 2016). This direction is nearly normal to the main mapped faults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

The 1 May 2017 British Columbia‐Alaska Earthquake Doublet and Implication for Complexity Near Southern End of Denali Fault System

Zhang

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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On 1 May 2017, two MW6.2 earthquakes occurred near the border of northwestern British Columbia and Alaska separated by about 2 hr in time. Despite their close distance (~10 km), the two events have different focal mechanisms, with the first featuring a reverse focal mechanism and the second strike slip. Both focal plane solutions are inconsistent with the nearby southeastern Denali fault system. To resolve their ruptured fault planes, we invert for the earthquake point source parameters and analyze rupture directivity via regional and teleseismic waveforms. We also model the near‐field GPS data and relocate the aftershocks to determine the fault planes. The results indicate that the first event ruptured updip along a steep SW‐dipping fault and the second event ruptured to the ESE along a left‐lateral fault. We infer that the earthquake doublet was related to the regional stress field and slip on the active Duke River fault. The involved faults are associated with transpression caused by the oblique collision of the Yakutat block.

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“…Present‐day stress indicators for the Central Italy area (Heidbach et al, ; Mariucci & Montone, ). The red and blue arrows represent the orientations of the regional maximum ( S Hmax ) and minimun ( S hmin ) horizontal stress, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear Wave Splitting Evidence and Relations With Stress Field and Major Faults From the “Amatrice‐Visso‐Norcia Seismic Sequence”

2019

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We present the largest dataset of anisotropic high‐quality parameters (~12,000) for the Amatrice‐Visso‐Norcia seismic sequence and investigate the physical mechanisms causing crustal anisotropy and its relation with crustal deformation, stress field, fluids, and earthquake generation. We performed shear wave splitting analysis on ~40,000 aftershocks recorded at 31 seismic stations during the first six months of the sequence following the 24 August 2016 Mw 6.0, Amatrice mainshock. Automatic and manual‐revised P‐ and S‐picking and high‐precision locations are used to delineate the fracturing pattern and spatio‐temporal variations in the anisotropic parameters: fast direction polarization (φ) and delay time (δt). The mean φ strikes N146°, parallel to the extensional Quaternary fault systems, and to the NW‐SE local active SHmax as proposed by the extensive dilatancy anisotropy model. Locally, φ directions outline the pattern of microscale and mesoscale structures that we relate to structural‐controlled anisotropy. Temporal variations of anisotropic parameters allowed us to deduce stress‐induced and pervasive fluid‐filled stress‐aligned crack systems as the prevalent anisotropic mechanisms in some sectors. Higher δt (>0.072 s) and higher anisotropy percentage (>1.5–2.0%) are found at the boundaries and in the western side of the activated fault systems, where heavily fractured carbonates are present. The fault network along with the lithological heterogeneities present in the area may act as a structural barrier along which fluids are channeled or trapped, thus causing overpressured fluid zones. Observations of shear‐wave splitting parameters during a seismic sequence can monitor the buildup of stress before earthquakes and the stress release as earthquakes occur.

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World Stress Map

Cited by 43 publications

References 51 publications

A Geodetic Strain Rate Model for the East African Rift System

A Geodetic Strain Rate Model for the East African Rift System

The 1 May 2017 British Columbia‐Alaska Earthquake Doublet and Implication for Complexity Near Southern End of Denali Fault System

Shear Wave Splitting Evidence and Relations With Stress Field and Major Faults From the “Amatrice‐Visso‐Norcia Seismic Sequence”

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