World Scientists’ Warning of a Climate Emergency 2021

Ripple, William J.; Wolf, Christopher; Newsome, Thomas M.; Gregg, Jillian W.; Lenton, Timothy M.; Palomo, Ignacio; Eikelboom, Jasper A.J.; Law, Beverly E.; Huq, Saleemul; Duffy, Philip B.; Rockström, Johan

doi:10.1093/biosci/biab079

Cited by 199 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Both calls warned of the main threats to the environment globally (ozone layer depletion, unsustainable use of resources, habitat and biodiversity loss, climate change, and human population growth) and advised urgent actions (protecting and restoring natural habitats and ecological functions, regulating exploitation of threatened species, promoting sustainable use of resources, supporting environmental education, ensuring investment in nature protection, and providing equal access to education and wealth) to avoid the consequences of the last decades' trajectory and encourage a shift to a more sustainable society. Lately, this initiative has resulted in a series of warnings from different scientific communities on specific topics: invasive alien species ( Pyšek et al, 2020 ), lake degradation ( Jenny et al, 2020 ), insect extinction ( Cardoso et al, 2020 ), endangered food webs ( Heleno et al, 2020 ), freshwater biodiversity ( Albert et al, 2020a ), human population growth ( Lidicker, 2020 ), and climate change ( Ripple et al, 2021 ), among others. Islands are no exceptions to these global threats.…”

Section: Scientists’ Warning Initiative For Island Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientists’ warning – The outstanding biodiversity of islands is in peril

Fernández‐Palacios

Kreft

Irl

et al. 2021

Global Ecology and Conservation

109

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Despite islands contributing only 6.7% of land surface area, they harbor ~20% of the Earth’s biodiversity, but unfortunately also ~50% of the threatened species and 75% of the known extinctions since the European expansion around the globe. Due to their geological and geographic history and characteristics, islands act simultaneously as cradles of evolutionary diversity and museums of formerly widespread lineages—elements that permit islands to achieve an outstanding endemicity. Nevertheless, the majority of these endemic species are inherently vulnerable due to genetic and demographic factors linked with the way islands are colonized. Here, we stress the great variation of islands in their physical geography (area, isolation, altitude, latitude) and history (age, human colonization, human density). We provide examples of some of the most species rich and iconic insular radiations. Next, we analyze the natural vulnerability of the insular biota, linked to genetic and demographic factors as a result of founder events as well as the typically small population sizes of many island species. We note that, whereas evolution toward island syndromes (including size shifts, derived insular woodiness, altered dispersal ability, loss of defense traits, reduction in clutch size) might have improved the ability of species to thrive under natural conditions on islands, it has simultaneously made island biota disproportionately vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures such as habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, and climate change. This has led to the documented extinction of at least 800 insular species in the past 500 years, in addition to the many that had already gone extinct following the arrival of first human colonists on islands in prehistoric times. Finally, we summarize current scientific knowledge on the ongoing biodiversity loss on islands worldwide and express our serious concern that the current trajectory will continue to decimate the unique and irreplaceable natural heritage of the world’s islands. We conclude that drastic actions are urgently needed to bend the curve of the alarming rates of island biodiversity loss.

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Section: Scientists’ Warning Initiative For Island Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientists’ warning – The outstanding biodiversity of islands is in peril

Fernández‐Palacios

Kreft

Irl

et al. 2021

Global Ecology and Conservation

109

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“…Recently, an increase in the global mean annual temperature has been observed, e.g., 2020 was the second hottest year on record, and all five of the hottest years on record have occurred since 2015 [66]. In Poland, we have also observed climatic changes manifested by an increase in annual mean temperature during the growing season, and periodic drastic droughts in 2015.…”

Section: Influence Of Climatic Changes On Dothistroma Distributionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Dothistroma septosporum Not Detected in Pinus sylvestris Seed Trees from Investigated Stands in Southern Poland

Wartalska

Oszako

Бакиер

et al. 2021

Forests

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In recent years, the decline of pine stands in Europe, including Poland, has been caused by the emerging needle pathogen Dothistroma septosporum. Although this fungus appears to preferentially infect Pinus pini, P. pinaster or P. radiata in Southern Europe, it has been reported in stands of P. nigra, P. mugo and P. sylvestris from Southern Poland. Our preliminary tests of symptomatic needles of diseased pines, including black pine (P. nigra), showed the presence of both D. septosporum and D. pini—the latter as the first report in Poland. No other endophytic pathogen, i.e., Lecanosticta acicola or Cenangium ferruginosum, were found. More extensive molecular surveying based on β-tub2 amplification of DNA in needle samples from 72 seed trees of P. sylvestris in nine different Forest Districts of Southern Poland did not find the presence of D. septosporum. Our study revealed that the seed trees from which we collected propagation material were free from the pathogen, and its endophytic behavior was not confirmed in our testing. Consequently, these investigated trees of P. sylvestris should be suitable for seed collection and propagation, following the requirements of “good” phytosanitary quality as “pathogen-free” pine seeds used for reforestation.

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“…Ha nem akarjuk a legfontosabb fenntarthatósági célok elérését és ezzel az emberiség élhető és békés jövőjét nagyon nagy mértékben kockáztatni, akkor a termelést és fogyasztást visszafogó stratégiákra van szükség (Haberl et al 2020). Ez nem egy radikális csoport elszigetelt véleménye, hanem a kérdéssel foglalkozó szakirodalom fő üzenete, melyet tudósok ezrei mellett (Ripple et al 2021) az ökológiai és az energetikai/éghajlati rendszerek olyan szakembereinek tolmácsolásában is hallhatunk, mint David Attenborough (BBC 2020) vagy Vaclav Smil (Smil 2019;Watts 2019).…”

Section: A Gazdasági Növekedés Környezeti Kockázata Hatalmasunclassified

Több őszinteséget, új közgazdaságtant! : A gazdasági növekedés meghaladásának stratégiái

Antal¹

2021

Replika

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Gazdasági tevékenységeink ökológiai és éghajlati katasztrófát indítottak el. A szakirodalom szerint a nemzetközileg elfogadott fenntarthatósági célok elérése valószínűtlen a termelés és fogyasztás csökkentése nélkül. A főáramú közgazdaságtan és politika a gazdasági növekedésre mégsem az élhető és békés jövőt fenyegető veszélyforrásként, hanem alapvető és pozitív célként tekint. Miért? Bár a termelés és fogyasztás további növelésének jólléti hatása a gazdag országokban nem egyértelmű, hiánya jelentős társadalmi csoportoknak okoz komoly problémákat: függőségi helyzetben vagyunk. Ez a cikk áttekinti a gazdasági növekedéstől való függés legfontosabb okait és az enyhítésüket célzó – növekedésen túli – gondolkodás főbb irányait. A maitól sokszor radikálisan különböző megoldások sok bonyolult kérdést vetnek fel. Ezek kapcsán a tudományos működés helyreállításához és a problémák konstruktív kezeléséhez nyílt, átlátható vitára van szükség, a környezeti és társadalmi aspektusokat egyaránt figyelembe véve. Mivel jelenleg a gazdasági növekedés támogatói alapvetően hallgatnak a paradigma fenntarthatatlanságáról, és intenzív társadalmi vita sem folyik a lehetséges kiutakkal kapcsolatban, a cikk explicit célja a szakmai és nyilvános vita élénkítése.

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World Scientists’ Warning of a Climate Emergency 2021

Cited by 199 publications

References 9 publications

Scientists’ warning – The outstanding biodiversity of islands is in peril

Scientists’ warning – The outstanding biodiversity of islands is in peril

Dothistroma septosporum Not Detected in Pinus sylvestris Seed Trees from Investigated Stands in Southern Poland

Több őszinteséget, új közgazdaságtant! : A gazdasági növekedés meghaladásának stratégiái

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