World Map of Scientific Misconduct

Ataie-Ashtiani, Behzad

doi:10.1007/s11948-017-9939-6

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…13,14 Numbers of retracted papers are highest from countries which produce the most publications, namely, the United States and China. 15,16 As research falsification and fabrication are widely recognised to be incorrect practices, they are usually actively concealed by perpetrators and can be difficult to detect. 17 Research fraud is generally considered to be perpetrated by lone actors or teams and to be either driven by factors specific to the researchers themselves (eg, psychiatric illness or outlying research beliefs) or by how rare individuals respond to their research environments.…”

Section: Research Fraud and The Selection Of Unproductive Biomarker Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Possibility of Systematic Research Fraud Targeting Under-Studied Human Genes: Causes, Consequences, and Potential Solutions

et al. 2019

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A major reason for biomarker failure is the selection of candidate biomarkers based on inaccurate or incorrect published results. Incorrect research results leading to the selection of unproductive biomarker candidates are largely considered to stem from unintentional research errors. The additional possibility that biomarker research may be actively misdirected by research fraud has been given comparatively little consideration. This review discusses what we believe to be a new threat to biomarker research, namely, the possible systematic production of fraudulent gene knockdown studies that target under-studied human genes. We describe how fraudulent papers may be produced in series by paper mills using what we have described as a ‘theme and variations’ model, which could also be considered a form of salami slicing. We describe features of these single-gene knockdown publications that may allow them to evade detection by journal editors, peer reviewers, and readers. We then propose a number of approaches to facilitate their detection, including improved awareness of the features of publications constructed in series, broader requirements to post submitted manuscripts to preprint servers, and the use of semi-automated literature screening tools. These approaches may collectively improve the detection of fraudulent studies that might otherwise impede future biomarker research.

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Section: Research Fraud and The Selection Of Unproductive Biomarker Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,14 Numbers of retracted papers are highest from countries which produce the most publications, namely, the United States and China. 15,16…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possibility of Systematic Research Fraud Targeting Under-Studied Human Genes: Causes, Consequences, and Potential Solutions

et al. 2019

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“…Uticaj specifičnih kulturoloških faktora na pojavu nepoštenja u nauci, mogu varirati od društva do društva. U nedavno publikovanoj studiji [25], pokazalo se da zemlje sa najbržim rastom naučnih publikacija imaju najveću stopu retrakcija radova.…”

Section: Diskusija I Zaključakunclassified

Scientific misconduct

Todorović¹,

Tošković²,

Čolaković³

et al. 2020

Halo 194

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With the creation of a global computer network, the internet, all manner of information has become available to scientists and everyone else around the world. The exchange of information gives scientists insight into the most recent scientific discoveries while enabling them at the same time to use the information for their research. Scientists and experts must be sure that their colleagues' research is valid, objective and the results complete. These scientific research characteristics represent scientific honesty. Scientific misconduct can take various forms and can be present in all phases of the scientific research process, but most commonly takes the form of fabrication, falsification and plagiarism. The reasons for scientific misconduct can be personal, professional and financial. There is also a "grey zone", which consists of data manipulation and selection, reference citing mistakes, multiple and salami publications, problematic authorships. Every type of misconduct has a detrimental effect on the scientific community. In the public eye, scientists are benevolent seekers of truth with high moral integrity, whose work is of key value to society. Any type of scientific misconduct serves to dishonour the scientific community but also brings confusion into the work of other researchers, therefore significantly slowing down scientific discovery in whole. Digitalization and technological advancement significantly contribute to the early discovery, elimination and sanctioning of any kind of research misconduct. A significant improvement in solving these problems can be achieved through adequate education of young researchers and introducing laws that precisely define penalties for breaking the code of good scientific practice.

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“…A multinational retrospective study on previously retracted studies in 2013 showed that Iran, India, and Turkey exhibited higher ratios of publication misconduct to distrusted data (and unreliable interpretations), while the USA, Switzerland, and Germany had higher distrusted data compared to the publication misconduct occasions in the retracted studies (15). Another retrospective study showed that countries with the most rapid growth in scienti c publications (e.g., China, Malaysia, and Mexico) simultaneously exhibited the highest retraction rates (16,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Research Misconduct in Iran: A Perspective from Iranian Medical Faculty Members

Shamsoddin

Torkashvand

Sofi‐Mahmudi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Research misconduct is a global concern in almost every scientific field. There is no comprehensive data regarding the prevalence of research misconduct among Iran's medical faculties. This study aims to conduct a nationwide survey regarding research misconduct in the faculty members of medical universities in Iran. Methods We used the Persian version of the research misconduct questionnaire (PRMQ) in an online survey on the Google Forms platform. Using Google Froms, the survey link was sent to a systematic random sample of medical faculty members in Iran (N = 4986). Descriptive analyses were performed on the individual items of PRMQ, with frequencies and percentages for categorical and Likert-type response items and means and standard deviation (S.D.) for continuous variables. Chi-square analysis was conducted to test hypotheses examining differences in frequency of responses related to factors influencing misconduct. All the analyses were performed using R 3.6.0. Results The response rate was 13.8% (692 responses). Nearly three-quarters (N = 499, 72.1%) of the respondents had first-hand witted some instances of research misconduct during the previous year. Academic scholars in various tenure categories rated investigator competitiveness differently (df:9, p = 0.008), with the highest difference in the mean scores between tenure categories one (TC1) (2.7, SD:0.87) and four (2.4, SD:0.77). Only 18.5% of participants perceived the effectiveness of their associated organization’s rules for reducing research misconduct to be high or very high. Pressure for tenure was identified as the most perceived as having a strong behavioral influence on engaging in research misconduct (80.2%). Conclusions Research misconduct is a living trouble among medical faculty members in Iran and needs a more proactive approach to tackle.

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World Map of Scientific Misconduct

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

The Possibility of Systematic Research Fraud Targeting Under-Studied Human Genes: Causes, Consequences, and Potential Solutions

The Possibility of Systematic Research Fraud Targeting Under-Studied Human Genes: Causes, Consequences, and Potential Solutions

Scientific misconduct

Assessing Research Misconduct in Iran: A Perspective from Iranian Medical Faculty Members

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