World Hepatitis Day in Burkina Faso, 2016: Awareness, Screening, Identification of HBV Markers, HBV/HCV Coinfection, and Vaccination

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV)/HBV leads to a higher risk of liver damage. Development of HBV awareness campaigns could reduce the prevalence of this disease and limit the consequences. Objectives: The aim of this study was to sensitize, detect, and identify HBV markers and propose vaccination for people not infected with HBV. Methods: With the support of "SOS Hepatitis Burkina" association, an HBV screening program, available for all volunteers, was implemented in several localities of Ouagadougou and the surroundings. A rapid HBsAg detection test was performed on 2207 subjects, who voluntarily answered a series of questions. A rapid detection test of HCV antibodies was performed in HBsAg-positive cases. HBV markers were also determined in HBsAg-positive cases.Results: In a sample of 2207 individuals, aged 1 -85 years (mean age, 31.4 ± 15.7 years), the prevalence of HBsAg was 9.8% (217/2207) after screening. Before screening, 6.8% (150/2207) of the participants claimed that they were vaccinated against HBV. Also, multivariate analysis revealed that HBV infection was significantly associated with age (21 -30 years) and vaccination status (P = 0.03; OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.69 and P = 0.003; OR, 5.69; 95% CI, 1.80 to 18.00, respectively). Among 217 HBsAg-positive cases, the prevalence of HBV markers was reported as follows: AbHBs (0.9%), HBeAg (6.0%), AbHBe (87.6%), and AbHBc (100.0%). Based on the findings, HCV was detected in 0.9% (2/217) of HBsAg-positive subjects. In this study, 628 out of 1990 HBsAg-negative subjects were vaccinated for three doses, resulting in a vaccination rate of 31.6%. Conclusions: The present study reported an HBsAg prevalence of 9.8% in the study population. This intervention could contribute to major vaccination coverage against HBV after screening. Therefore, raising awareness and development of screening campaigns on HBV can increase the vaccination coverage of the population. The findings also showed that absence of vaccination against HBV constitutes a high-risk factor for HBV infection.

High prevalence of hepatitis B infections in Burkina Faso (1996–2017): a systematic review with meta-analysis of epidemiological studies

“…This high burden represents a major challenge for the national health system that is already struggling with various infectious diseases like malaria, tuberculosis and acute respiratory infectious diseases [ 19 ]. The prevalence reported is in alignment with the 8.83% reported for the WHO region of Africa [ 3 ] and also with the previous evaluations listing Burkina Faso among the high transmission countries [ 27 , 32 , 35 ].…”

“…In term of population, seven (7) studies were conducted on first time voluntary blood donors [ 15 , 16 , 32 – 34 , 41 , 42 ]; Eight (8) studies were conducted on pregnant women [17, 27, 30, 32, 37–40]. A total of four (4) studies addressed HBV/HIV co-infection among HIV positive patients [ 28 , 31 , 37 , 43 ], three (3) published studies [ 16 , 29 , 35 ] and one (1) unpublished study (Meda N. et al, 2017 conference proceeding) assessed the prevalence of HBV among general population. Children were not an important part of this evaluation, as none of the studies has addressed specifically children, however in 2 studies, age-adjusted analysis has given an overview of HBV infection in children and neonate population [ 17 , 27 ].…”

Garlic as Alternative Therapy to Treat Uropathogene Bacteria in Women with Urinary Tract Infection in Lomé, Togo

“…An inoculum of each strain was prepared, and the turbidity of the suspension was adjusted to achieve 0.5 McFarland with the absorbance range of 0.09 by UV-Vis spectrophotometer at wavelength of 620 nm. The antibiotic susceptibility were tested by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [26] using Mueller Hinton agar medium (Oxoid, Hampshire, England). The antimicrobial agents tested were Gentamicin (10 µg After adjusting the inoculum to a 0.5 McFarland unit turbidity standard, a sterile cotton swab was dipped into the inoculum and rotated against the wall of the tube above the liquid to remove excess inoculum.…”

“…The Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using standard Microdilution test of according to the recommendation CLSI [26]. The MDR bacteria isolates were grown overnight to log-phase in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth with shaking (170 rpm) at 37°C and suspended in sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS) to a concentration of cells equal to 0.5 McFarland with the absorbance range of 0.09.…”

“…37°C for 24 h [26]. MBC values were read as the lowest concentration of AGE required for a 99.9% reduction in the viable strains.…”