World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH): Hypertension Guidelines and Statements

Whitworth, Judith A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-03961-1.50098-2

Cited by 168 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Cardiovascular events and dyslipidaemia T Kushiro et al patients, along with strict control of individual risk factors. [14][15][16] The present study showed that the greater the increase in follow-up SBP or DBP, the higher the incidence of resulting cardiovascular events, in particular CVA/TIA and stroke, reconfirming the importance of BP control in patients with dyslipidaemia too. Also, assessment of BP status not only at baseline but also during the follow-up period is important partly because adherence to antihypertensive therapy in patients with dyslipidaemia is not as good as one might expect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…[7][8][9] We previously reported that hypertension is a strong risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) 10 and stroke, 11 and that pravastatin is effective to prevent cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension in the MEGA Study. 12 Guidelines for the treatment of hypertension have been formulated by groups in various countries across the globe, and include the US Joint National Committee, 13 World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension 2003, 14 European Society of Hypertension (ESH)-European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2007 15 and Japanese Society of Hypertension (JSH) 2009. 16 These guidelines universally recommend a treatment plan based on evaluation of CVD risk factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood pressure control status and effects of pravastatin on cardiovascular events occurrence in patients with dyslipidaemia

Kushiro

Mizuno

Nakaya³

et al. 2011

J Hum Hypertens

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Dyslipidaemia is often associated with hypertension, and many clinical trials have shown that lipid-lowering therapy and strict blood pressure (BP) control are important for preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few reports describe the effect of statins on CVD occurrence in relation to long-term BP control. In the present analysis, we investigated the effects of baseline BP and follow-up BP control on the occurrence of CVD in patients enrolled in the MEGA Study. We investigated whether BP values provide more accurate prediction of the occurrence of CVD, including cerebrovascular disease/ transischemic attack (CVA/TIA), and the effect of pravastatin on CVA/TIA. The risk for CVA/TIA and other CVD increased significantly (Pp0.001) as the severity of hypertension increased. In contrast, pravastatin reduced the onset of CVA/TIA, regardless of the BP controlled. The mean BP was a more accurate predictor of CVD than a one-time BP value. In patients with mildto-moderate dyslipidaemia, elevated BP increases the risk for CVA/TIA and other CVD, and rigorous BP control was important for preventing CVD, in particular CVA/TIA. The 12-month mean BP is useful to avoid attenuation to determine the association between CVD and BP. Pravastatin prevented CVA/TIA, regardless of BP controlled.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure control status and effects of pravastatin on cardiovascular events occurrence in patients with dyslipidaemia

Kushiro

Mizuno

Nakaya³

et al. 2011

J Hum Hypertens

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“…-Hypertension: patients were considered as hypertensive if the systolic blood pressure was C140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure was C90 mm Hg [18] and/or currently used anti-hypertensive medications. -Hypercholesterolemia was defined as total cholesterol C5.0 mmol/l [19]; and/or current use of lipid-lowering medication.…”

Section: Definitions Of Ethnicity and Cardiovascular Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Distribution of Cardiovascular Risk Factors According to Ethnicity: A Study in a High Risk Population

Fakiri

Bruijnzeels²,

Foets

et al. 2008

J Immigrant Minority Health

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This study compares the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in different ethnic groups at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases within general practices. A total of 430 patients (179 Dutch, 126 Turks, 50 Surinamese, 23 Moroccans, 23 Antilleans and 29 from other ethnic groups) were included in the study. Data collection consisted of questionnaires and physical and clinical examinations. 54% was female. The mean age was 53.1 (sd 9.9) years. There were important ethnic differences in the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors. Compared to the Dutch, ethnic minorities had significantly greater odds of being diabetic (OR = 3.2-19.4); but were less likely to smoke (OR = 0.10-0.53). Turkish individuals had a lower prevalence of hypercholesterolemia but were 2.4 times more likely to be obese than the Dutch. Hypertension was very common in all ethnic groups and no significant ethnic differences were found. These findings provide additional evidence of the need for tailored interventions for different ethnic groups in general practices.

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“…1,6 Yet, the scientific evidence has neglected the accumulation aspects of PA in the treatment of hypertension and prehypertension. 1,6,7 The American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand on exercise and hypertension stated that there is limited evidence regarding the accumulation of several short sessions of PA on BP reduction 6 . This limited scientific evidence led to our work in the accumulation of PA as a treatment for prehypertension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of physical activity: blood pressure reduction between 10-min walking sessions

2008

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The accumulation of intermittent bouts of physical activity (PA) has been found to reduce blood pressure (BP) in prehypertension and hypertension. Yet, the BP response among several short sessions within the accumulation of PA in a single day has not been examined. The purpose of the study was (1) to investigate the BP reduction during the rest periods following three successive 10-min walking sessions accumulated over a 3-h period in prehypertensive adults and (2) to observe the role of autonomic modulation during the rest periods following each short PA session. Adults with prehypertension (131.9±4.7/82.5± 6.4 mm Hg) participated in the study. BP using ambulatory monitoring and autonomic modulation through heart rate variability (HRV) using Holter monitoring were measured at baseline and during the rest periods following three short sessions (three 10-min treadmill walks at 50% of peak oxygen uptake (VO 2 peak); at least 50 min apart) over a 3-h period. Variables of BP and autonomic modulation were averaged for the baseline and for the rest periods following each 10-min walk. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to test the differences over time in BP and HRV (Po0.05). A significant main effect was found in systolic BP (P ¼ 0.039), whereas none was found in diastolic BP (P ¼ 0.630). Systolic BP was decreased following the third short session (À4.0 ± 7.4 mm Hg) compared to baseline. No significance was found in any of the autonomic modulation variables. In conclusion, accumulating intermittent bouts of PA, as short as 10 min, total 30-min walk sessions may reduce systolic BP in prehypertension.

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World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH): Hypertension Guidelines and Statements

Cited by 168 publications

References 79 publications

Blood pressure control status and effects of pravastatin on cardiovascular events occurrence in patients with dyslipidaemia

Blood pressure control status and effects of pravastatin on cardiovascular events occurrence in patients with dyslipidaemia

Different Distribution of Cardiovascular Risk Factors According to Ethnicity: A Study in a High Risk Population

Accumulation of physical activity: blood pressure reduction between 10-min walking sessions

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