World cultural heritage monuments in Kosovo and Metohija: Problems and perspectives of protection

Abstract

In 2006, the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage Committee inscribed four Serbian medieval shrines from Kosovo and Metohija on the World Heritage List, in danger due to difficulties in their preservation and management, as well as the damage they suffered during ethnic conflicts, namely: the Church of Bogorodica Ljeviška in Prizren and the Peć Patriarchate, Dečani and Gračanica monasteries. In accordance with United Nations Resolution 1244, they are currently under the control of the United Nations Mission in Kosovo and Metohija. However, in addition to these monuments, the cultural and demographic identity of Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija is illustrated by over 1,500 established cultural assets (monasteries, churches, cemeteries, etc.) that testify to the centuries-old presence of the Serbian people and Orthodox faith in this area and their material and spiritual culture, as works of the overall European cultural heritage created in the intertwining of the influences of Eastern and Western Christianity and culture. The inclusion of these four cultural assets of great importance for Serbia in the international system of protection and monitoring has led to initiating the consideration of a comprehensive and long-term view of cultural heritage in Kosovo and Metohija at the international level as a key element in establishing better cultural and overall relations between Serbs and the Albanian population. The paper discusses the problems and possibilities of improving the protection and presentation of World Cultural and Natural Heritage in Kosovo and Metohija, as well as the expansion of the list, through the integration of international, national and local protection, and understanding of this area as a specific cultural landscape. Presenting the value of the heritage as a comprehensive cultural landscape which combines natural tangible and intangible aspects, as well as the organization of cultural, educational and other activities, would encourage respect for the diversity, integrity and identity of others, which is an unavoidable condition in the process of European integration currently opposed by ethnic groups.

Socio-geographic determinants of destroyed Serbian churches and monasteries in Kosovo and Metohija from 1999 to 2022

“…Socio-geographic identity of Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija is also proven by more than 1,500 registered cultural heritage sites (monasteries, churches, cemeteries, etc. ), all of which confirm centuries-long presence of the Serbian people and Orthodox faith in this region and their tangible and spiritual culture, as part of European cultural heritage that was engendered as a result of interweaving of Eastern and Western Christian religion and culture" (Nikolić et al, 2021). Serbian Orthodox Christian heritage was systematically destroyed in Kosovo and Metohija 12 during the period 1999-2022.…”