World Aspects of the Epidemiology of Rubella

Cockburn, W. Charles

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1969.02100040114019

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Nuhoglu et al reported a 87.2% seropositivity among women of child-bearing age who were patients at various clinics in a hospital, a figure that is lower than the figure found in this study (16). The above studies have reported figures that are relatively higher than the figures reported by the WHO collaborative study groups before the implementation of the rubella vaccination in 1969, when the immunity gap was found to be 15 -20% (17,18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Rubella Seroprevalence among Women of Childbearing Age Residing in a Rural Region: Is There a Need for Rubella Vaccination in Turkey?

Aksakal,

Maral,

Cirak

et al. 2007

Jpn J Infect Dis

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It is essential to evaluate the susceptibility of women in the reproductive age group to rubella virus in order to set strategies for the prevention of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Turkey began implementing measles-mumps-rubella vaccination as part of the national vaccination schedule for children (12 months, 6 years) and adolescents (14 years) in July, 2006, and there is an ongoing discussion of the need for a policy of vaccinating women of child-bearing age against rubella. The aim of this study was to determine the rubella seroprevalence among women in the reproductive age group in a rural district in Ankara and to provide data about rubella susceptibility for policymakers. Four hundred ninety of the women in the 15-to 49-year-old age group in the region who were targeted were reached (68.2%), and 467 (65.0%) of them who had a convenient serology were included in the study. Rubella IgG antibodies were quantified by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Seropositivity was 95.5% for the total group and 96.2% among pregnant women. The seropositivity of this rural group of women was found to be high, but in order to rule out the need for a rubella vaccination program for women of child-bearing age, large-scale studies in different settings and studies that describe the CRS burden in Turkey are required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Rubella Seroprevalence among Women of Childbearing Age Residing in a Rural Region: Is There a Need for Rubella Vaccination in Turkey?

Aksakal,

Maral,

Cirak

et al. 2007

Jpn J Infect Dis

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“…Although Japanese and U.S. strains of rubella virus have been reported to differ in such biological characteristics as teratogenicity (Kono et al 1969) and their capacity to induce interferon in human placental cultures (Potter, Banatvala & Best, 1973), there is no evidence that rubella virus strains differ antigenically (Best & Banatvala, 1970). Cockburn (1969), Pitts, Ravenel &Finklea (1969), andDowdle et al (1970) suggested that population density and geographical location were more likely to influence the spread of rubella than ethnic factors, since the populations of Jamaica, Trinidad and Hawaii studied are of mixed ethnic origin. Black (1966) has shown that measles does not become endemic in island populations of less than 500000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HLA antigens and responses to rubella vaccination

Harcourt

Best

Banatvala

et al. 1979

J. Hyg.

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Attempts were made to correlate virus excretion, joint symptoms and antibody response with human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in seronegative adult women given attenuated rubella vaccine. No association was shown between HLA antigens of the A and B loci and excretion of either high or low titres of RA27/3 vaccine among 26 volunteers. However, virus excretion was influenced by such factors as the time of day at which specimens were collected and the method of virus isolation. Our study therefore failed to confirm the hypothesis that certain persons are good 'spreaders' of rubella virus and that this capacity is associated with HLA-A1 and B8. The study of joint symptoms following vaccination with Cendehill, HPV77.DE-5, RA27/3 or To-336 vaccines showed no association between such symptoms and HLA antigens. However, joint symptoms occurred within 7 days of the onset of menstruation in 33 of 47 (70%) vaccinees (P less than 0.01) and it is therefore suggested that hormonal factors must play a role. No association between HLA antigens and haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titres, 8 weeks after vaccination with RA27/3, was found amongst 34 volunteers.

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“…In the prevaccine era, rubella was a childhood disease with the highest incidence rates in the 5-14 years age group. Incidence rates increased slowly among children of age 0-4 years, rose more steeply among children age 5-14 years, and then slowly 15 decreased. A similar pattern was observed in Finland before the introduction of MMR vaccination in young children (Fig.…”

Section: Age Distribution Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Rubella in Europe

Gałazka

1991

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Postnatal rubella is a mild illness, a disease which was considered to be of only minor importance for many years. The first authors to write about the disease as distinct from other exanthemata were German physicians; they differentiated rubella from measles and scarlet fever in the latter part of the eighteenth century and called the disease Rotheln. Hence the common English language eponym is ‘German measles’. Some consider that the term ‘German’ in German measles is probably of literary rather than of geographical significance and that it came from the old French ‘germain’ (derived from the Latin ‘germanus‘), meaning ‘closely akin to’ measles [1]. That it is not generally called by its German name, Rotheln, is due to Veale, a Scottish physician who in 1866 described 30 cases of rubella in the Edinburgh Medical Journal, and proposed ‘rubella’ as a short and euphonius name that could be easily pronounced [2].

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World Aspects of the Epidemiology of Rubella

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Rubella Seroprevalence among Women of Childbearing Age Residing in a Rural Region: Is There a Need for Rubella Vaccination in Turkey?

Rubella Seroprevalence among Women of Childbearing Age Residing in a Rural Region: Is There a Need for Rubella Vaccination in Turkey?

HLA antigens and responses to rubella vaccination

Rubella in Europe

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