Workshop Summary: Connecting social and environmental factors to measure and track environmental health disparities

Payne-Sturges, Devon; Gee, Gilbert C.; Crowder, Kirstin; Hurley, Bradford J.; Lee, Charles; Morello‐Frosch, Rachel; Rosenbaum, Arlene; Schulz, Amy J.; Wells, Charles; Woodruff, Tracey J.; Zenick, Harold

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2005.11.001

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These case studies suggest that minority and low income residents have disproportionately higher potential air pollution exposures compared to exposures averaged across metropolitan St. Louis, MO and Seattle, WA. Our study, along with the Lynch [11], Abel [14,15] and Ludwig [12] studies collectively argue for the importance of continued efforts to connect social and environmental factors to measure and track equity related to environmental health disparities [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability, Health and Environmental Metrics: Impact on Ranking and Associations with Socioeconomic Measures for 50 U.S. Cities

et al. 2013

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Waste and materials management, land use planning, transportation and infrastructure including water and energy can have indirect or direct beneficial impacts on the environment and public health. The potential for impact, however, is rarely viewed in an integrated fashion. To facilitate such an integrated view in support of community-based policy decision making, we catalogued and evaluated associations between common, publically available, Environmental (e), Health (h), and Sustainability (s) metrics and sociodemographic measurements (n = 10) for 50 populous U.S. cities. E, H, S indices combined from two sources were derived from component (e) (h) (s) metrics for each city. A composite EHS Index was derived to reflect the integration across the E, H, and S indices. Rank order of high performing cities was highly dependent on the E, H and S indices considered. When viewed together with sociodemographic measurements, our analyses further the understanding of the interplay between these broad categories and reveal significant sociodemographic disparities (e.g., race, education, income) associated OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2013, 5 790 with low performing cities. Our analyses demonstrate how publically available environmental, health, sustainability and socioeconomic data sets can be used to better understand interconnections between these diverse domains for more holistic community assessments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability, Health and Environmental Metrics: Impact on Ranking and Associations with Socioeconomic Measures for 50 U.S. Cities

et al. 2013

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“…In addition to the demonstrated impacts of vegetation on UHI mitigation, green spaces provide other ecosystem services, such as reduction of airborne contaminants, absorption of rainfall, buffering against flooding, and habitats for wildlife (Boone et al 2009;Currie and Bass 2008;de Groot et al 2010;Payne-Sturges et al 2006). These ecosystem services play a role in creating "salutogenic" urban environments that can help mitigate human health problems, such as asthma, allergies, obesity, and increased stress.…”

Section: Social Dimensions Of Green Spaces (Parks) In Urban Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating the park cool island in an inner-city neighborhood: heat mitigation strategy for Phoenix, AZ

et al. 2012

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We conducted microclimate simulations in ENVI-Met 3.1 to evaluate the impact of vegetation in lowering temperatures during an extreme heat event in an urban core neighborhood park in Phoenix, Arizona. We predicted air and surface temperatures under two different vegetation regimes: existing conditions representative of Phoenix urban core neighborhoods, and a proposed scenario informed by principles of landscape design and architecture and Urban Heat Island mitigation strategies. We found significant potential air and surface temperature reductions between representative and proposed vegetation scenarios: 1) a Park Cool Island effect that extended to non-vegetated surfaces; 2) a net cooling of air underneath or around canopied vegetation ranging from 0.9°C to 1.9°C during the warmest time of the day; and 3) potential reductions in surface temperatures from 0.8°C to 8.4°C in areas underneath or around vegetation.

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“…15 This index measures the extent to which minority members live in proximity to one another in a geographic area. 12,16 The index ranges from 0 to 1.0. A score >.6 reflects a high level of isolation of Hispanic residents from members of other racial/ ethnic groups.…”

Section: Independent Variables and Hispanic Isolation Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 For the past 25 years, numerous measures have been developed to assess residential segregation using geographic patterns of residential mix, eg, evenness, exposure, concentration, centralization and clustering. 12 In our study, with data from a large statewide Medicaid youth population, we selected an exposure mea-…”

Section: Data Source and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A score >.6 reflects a high level of isolation of Hispanic residents from members of other racial/ ethnic groups. 12 The range of countylevel isolation indices in this study was categorized as <.50; .50 -.64; and ≥.65, which approximates tertiles in the distribution. HI was calculated using the following equation:…”

Section: Independent Variables and Hispanic Isolation Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hispanic Residential Isolation, ADHD Diagnosis and Stimulant Treatment among Medicaid-insured Youth

et al. 2017

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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate a conceptual framework that assessed the effect of Hispanic residential isolation on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) health service utilization among 2.2 million publicly insured youth.Design: Cross-sectional.Setting: Medicaid administrative claims data for ambulatory care services from a US Pacific state linked with US census data.Participants: Youth, aged 2-17 years, continuously enrolled in 2009.Main Outcome Measures: The percent annual prevalence and odds of ADHD diagnosis and stimulant use according to two measures of racial/ethnic residential isolation: 1) the county-level Hispanic isolation index (HI) defined as the population density of Hispanic residents in relation to other racial/ethnic groups in a county (<.5; .5-.64; ≥.65); and 2) the proportion of Hispanic residents in a ZIP code tabulation area (<25%; 25%-50%; >50%).Results: Among the 47,364 youth with a clinician-reported ADHD diagnosis, 60% received a stimulant treatment (N = 28,334). As the county level HI increased, Hispanic residents of ethnically isolated locales were significantly less likely to receive an ADHD diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=.92 [95% CI=.88-.96]) and stimulant use (AOR=.61 [95% CI=.59-.64]) compared with Hispanic youth in less isolated areas. At the ZIP code level, a similar pattern of reduced ADHD diagnosis (AOR=.81 [95% CI=.77-.86]) and reduced stimulant use (AOR=.65 [95% CI=.61-.69]) was observed as Hispanic residential isolation increased from the least isolated to the most isolated ZIP code areas.Conclusions: These findings highlight the opportunity for Big Data to advance mental health research on strategies to reduce racial/ethnic health disparities, particularly for poor and vulnerable youth. Further exploration of racial/ethnic residential isolation in other large data sources is needed to guide future policy development and to target culturally sensitive interventions.Ethn Dis.2017(2):85-94; doi:10.18865/ed.27.2.85.

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Workshop Summary: Connecting social and environmental factors to measure and track environmental health disparities

Cited by 44 publications

References 6 publications

Sustainability, Health and Environmental Metrics: Impact on Ranking and Associations with Socioeconomic Measures for 50 U.S. Cities

Sustainability, Health and Environmental Metrics: Impact on Ranking and Associations with Socioeconomic Measures for 50 U.S. Cities

Creating the park cool island in an inner-city neighborhood: heat mitigation strategy for Phoenix, AZ

Hispanic Residential Isolation, ADHD Diagnosis and Stimulant Treatment among Medicaid-insured Youth

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