Workshop on the degradation and stabilization of polymers

Zaikov, G.Ye.; Kalontarov, I. Ya.

doi:10.1016/0032-3950(85)90376-4

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The instability of poly(vinyl chloride) makes people naturally suspect that the chlorine-containing polyacetylenes may not be stable. We thus heated the polymers at elevated temperatures (>100 °C) but found little change in their molecular weights.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition Metal Carbonyl Catalysts for Polymerizations of Substituted Acetylenes

Peng

Lam

et al. 2000

Macromolecules

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Most of the existing metal carbonyl catalysts for acetylene polymerizations need to be preactivated by chlorine-containing additives or by UV irradiation in halogenated solvents. In this work, we developed a series of "simple" metal carbonyl catalysts of general structure M(CO) xLy (M ) Mo, W), none of which require additives or pre-photoirradiation, most of which are air-and moisture-stable, and some of which work well in nonhalogenated solvents. The acetonitrile complexes M(CO)3(NCCH3)3 initiated polymerizations of a variety of mono-and disubstituted acetylenes at room temperature. The arene and diene complexes W(CO)3(mes) and Mo(CO)3(nbd) (mes ) mesitylene, nbd ) 2,5-norbornadiene) are tolerant of polar groups and effected polymerizations of functional acetylenes containing ester, ether, and cyano groups. The halogenated complexes MI2(CO)3(NCCH3)2 catalyzed polymerizations of phenylacetylene in toluene. The chlorine-containing acetylene monomers ClCtCC6H5 and ClCtCC6H13 were readily polymerized by the Mo complexes in nonhalogenated solvents such as toluene and dioxane, giving polymers with high molecular weights (Mw up to 883 × 10 3 ) in high yields (up to 100%).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition Metal Carbonyl Catalysts for Polymerizations of Substituted Acetylenes

Peng

Lam

et al. 2000

Macromolecules

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“…A peak at 1640 cm −1 was detected in almost all the spectra acquired on the body of the five Barbies, except for the torso of doll #4 and the legs of #5. This absorption can refer to the presence of carboxylates in the solid products of degradation of PVC and be attributed to the formation of double bonds in the main polymer chain, indicating that some degradation occurred during the crosslinking process of PVC [ 31 ]. Spectra acquired on the limbs, torso, and face of the Barbies of Group I—except for the torso of #4—highlighted the presence of the sole plasticizer, identified as a phthalate-based compound for the bands at 1718 cm −1 (phthalate ester), 1450 cm −1 (C–H bending), 1278 cm −1 , 1127, and 1027 cm −1 (O–CH 2 aromatic group stretching), the small peaks at 1579 cm −1 and 1599 cm −1 (aromatic ring quadrant stretching vibration), and the strong absorbance band at 743 cm −1 (phthalate ortho-substituted aromatic ring) [ 22 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mattel’s Barbie: Investigation of a Symbol—Analysis of Polymeric Matrices and Degradation Phenomena for Sixteen Dolls from 1959 to 1976

et al. 2022

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Mattel’s Barbie dolls are the most famous and iconic dolls since 1959. Today, they are being collected by individuals and often conserved in museum environments due to their cultural and historical significance reflecting everyday life and historical events. However, just like most museum objects made of plastics, both historical and more recent Barbies show evident degradation phenomena. Firstly, Barbies were made of plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC), affected by the migration of additives—mostly the plasticizers—from the bulk phase to the outermost layer, appearing as a tacky and glossy exudate. Over the years, Barbies’ polymeric constituents were replaced with more stable ones, whose additives migration is limited compared to PVC, even though still occurring. Multispectral photography in visible (VIS) and ultraviolet (UV) light, microscopical observations in VIS and UV light, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy in the Attenuated Total Reflectance mode (FT-IR ATR) were performed to characterize the constituent materials of 15 Barbies produced between 1959 and 1976, bridging the information gap on their processing over the years. The micro-invasive multi-analytical approach also allowed for the characterization of the degradation products, permitting the reference of the exudated compound to the specific bulk polymer.

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“…Биопластики -это сложные химические соединения, которые могут разлагаться за короткое время с образованием веществ, безопасных для окружающей среды, таких как вода, биомасса, углекислый газ или метан [41]. Международный союз теоретической и прикладной химии определяет биоразлагаемые полимеры как материалы, которые подвержены разложению в результате биологической активности, причем разложение сопровождается уменьшением их молярной массы [42].…”

Section: Nzvn124unclassified

Review of bioplastic production strategies as the most environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional plastics

Sergeev,

Velmozhina,

Politaeva

2024

The Eurasian Scientific Journal

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This scientific article provides an overview of contemporary strategies for bioplastic production, considering them as the most environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional plastics. The article analyzes the current state of the technical cycle of plastic use and its impact on the environment, as well as assesses potential effects on human health. Special attention is devoted to the investigation of bioplastics, highlighting their advantages compared to traditional polymers. Particular emphasis is placed on bioplastic film with added chitosan, regarded as an effective component for enhancing the ecological and functional characteristics of the material. The authors present an extensive review of global scientific literature and patents, demonstrating the current level of research in this field. Based on the analysis of proposed strategies for producing chitosan-containing bioplastics, the conclusion is drawn regarding the viability of this direction in creating environmentally sustainable materials, considering the requirements for natural resource conservation and reducing environmental impact. In addition to analyzing the technical cycle of plastic use and its environmental impact, the article also examines contemporary methods and technologies for bioplastic production. Significant attention is given to the investigation of raw materials necessary for bioplastic production and their potential for reducing dependence on petroleum-based products. Furthermore, the article provides an overview of recent studies dedicated to the integration of chitosan-containing bioplastics into various industrial sectors, such as the packaging industry, agriculture, and the medical field. Practical examples of using such materials and their effectiveness compared to traditional plastics are analyzed. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the need for further research in developing new methods for bioplastic production using chitosan and other biodegradable components. Potential obstacles and challenges facing the widespread adoption of bioplastics in industry are discussed, and possible ways to overcome them are proposed with the aim of creating a more sustainable model of consumption and production. Further research in this area could contribute to the development of new bioplastic production technologies and their widespread adoption in industry to reduce negative environmental impact and create a more sustainable consumption model.

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Workshop on the degradation and stabilization of polymers

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Transition Metal Carbonyl Catalysts for Polymerizations of Substituted Acetylenes

Transition Metal Carbonyl Catalysts for Polymerizations of Substituted Acetylenes

Mattel’s Barbie: Investigation of a Symbol—Analysis of Polymeric Matrices and Degradation Phenomena for Sixteen Dolls from 1959 to 1976

Review of bioplastic production strategies as the most environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional plastics

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