Workplace violence against nurses in Chinese hospitals: a cross-sectional survey

Abstract

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of workplace violence that Chinese nurses have encountered, identify risk factors and provide a basis for future targeted interventions.SettingHeilongjiang, a province in northeast China.MethodsA cross-sectional survey.ParticipantsA total of 588 nurses provided data. There were also in-depth interviews with 12 nurses, 7 hospital administrators and 6 health officials.ResultsA total of 7.8% of the nurses reported physically violent experiences and 71.9% reported non-physically violent experiences in the preceding year. Perpetrators were patients or their relatives (93.5% and 82%, respectively), and 24% of nurses experienced non-physical violence that involved Yi Nao (gangs specifically targeting hospitals). Inexperienced nurses were more likely to report physical (13.2%) or non-physical (89.5%) violence compared with experienced nurses. Graduate-level nurses were more likely to perceive and report non-physical violence (84.6%). Nurses who worked rotating shifts were 3.668 times (95% CI 1.275 to 10.554) more likely to experience physical violence, and 1.771 times (95% CI 1.123 to 2.792) more likely to experience non-physical violence compared with nurses who worked fixed day shifts. Higher anxiety levels about workplace violence and work types were associated with violence. Interviewees perceived financial burdens, unsatisfactory treatment outcomes and miscommunications as influencing factors for workplace violence.ConclusionsPreplacement education should focus on high-risk groups to reduce workplace violence. Increased awareness from the public and policymakers is necessary to develop effective control strategies at individual, hospital and national levels.

Workplace Violence and its Associated Factors among Nurses

“…In this study, 15.5% respondents were found to be exposed to physical violence which was higher than the results of the study conducted in China (5.8%) 24 , Southern Thailand (3.1%), 19 Egypt(9.3%) 6 and lower than the study conducted in Iran (49.9%), 7 North of Iran (29.1%), 25 Palestine (20.8%). 15 Studies conducted in China 22 and Iran 7 showed that the perpetrators of the physical violence were mostly the relatives of patients.…”

“…16,18,19,[24][25][26] This difference may be due to cultural differences and the way in which violence is described. Similar findings were showed in Ghana.…”

Violência ocupacional na equipe de enfermagem: análise à luz do conhecimento produzido

“…As formas de violência física relatadas foram: arranhar, beliscar, chutar, esmurrar, dar tapas, apertar contra a parede, morder, agredir com objetos, entre outras (SANTOS ET AL., 2011). Em contraponto, estudo realizado na China aponta que a violência não física é expressivamente superior (71%) no relato de profissionais de enfermagem em comparação à violência física (7,8%), destacando-se a agressão verbal e o assédio sexual (JIAO ET AL., 2015).…”

“…As formas de violência física relatadas foram: arranhar, beliscar, chutar, esmurrar, dar tapas, apertar contra a parede, morder, agredir com objetos, entre outras (SANTOS ET AL., 2011). Em contraponto, estudo realizado na China aponta que a violência não física é expressivamente superior (71%) no relato de profissionais de enfermagem em comparação à violência física (7,8%), destacando-se a agressão verbal e o assédio sexual (JIAO ET AL., 2015).Em relação à violência ocupacional presente em unidade de pronto atendimento hospitalar, identificou-se que 76,7% dos trabalhadores de enfermagem referiram ser vítima de algum tipo de violência (VASCONCELLOS; ABREU; MAIA, 2012). Os acompanhantes de pacientes assistidos foram apontados como principais responsáveis, e que a totalidade das ações violentas se deu na forma de agressão verbal.…”

Bridging the Gaps Between Patients and Primary Care in China: A Nationwide Representative Survey

“…Although CHCs converted from private hospitals saw more patients, their overall clinical expertise was poor compared with that of government-run or hospital-managed CHCs. 21 Arguably, setting up primary care services in big hospitals with the support of tests and procedures, and specialists could be an additional transition measure to introduce general practice and help patients gain trust in this "new" discipline. 22 As primary care is a relatively new discipline to medical schools in China, very few of them have general practice departments; additionally, exposure to primary care at the undergraduate level is minimal, a situation further compounded by the low status of the discipline.…”