Workplace monitoring of polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDFs) AND‐DIOXINS (PBDDs) during extrusion production and injection molding of a polybutylene‐terephthalate(PBTP)/glass fibre resin blended with tetrabromobisphenol a carbonate oligomer (BC 52∗)/Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>; air sampling train and product analysis

Brenner, K.S.; Knies, H.

doi:10.1080/02772249309357878

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The atmospheric concentrations of total PBDDs/PBDFs in Kyoto were reported to range between 1.1 and 11 pg/m 3 in the gaseous state and between 0.38 and 1.2 pg/m 3 in particulates in 2000 and 2001 (7). Workplace air concentrations of tetra-BDDs and tetra-BDFs measured during the extruder production and injection molding of polybutyleneterephthalate polymer blended with the glass fiber, Sb 2 O 3 and decabromodiphenylether (DBDPE) were reported to be 2 and 34 ng/m 3 , respectively (5). The same manufacturing process using tetrabromobisphenol was reported to contaminate workplace air with total PBDDs/PBDFs ranging from 30 to 260 pg/m 3 (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polybromodibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) and polybromodibenzofurans (PBDFs) are not intentionally produced, but are formed during the thermal decomposition processes of plastics, carpets, textiles and other materials containing brominated flame retardants in incinerators and fires (1)(2)(3)(4) and during the extrusion and molding processes of polybrominated biphenyl and diphenylether flame retardants in workplaces (1,5,6). Waste residues from various products of brominated flame retardants incinerated in a laboratory-scale incinerator were reported to contain total PBDDs/PBDFs ranging between 3000 and 130,000 ng/g (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Systemic and myelotoxic effects of single administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats

Yamamoto

Nagano

Senoh

et al. 2006

Environ. Health Prev. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Systemic and myelotoxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin (TBDD) were examined by the single administration of TBDD by gavage to rats.Methods: Fifteen Wistar rats of both sexes per group received 0, 10, 30, 100 or 300 μg TBDD/kg body weight. Rats surviving to the scheduled necropsy on Days 2, 7 and 36 after TBDD administration were examined for growth rate, organ weight, hematology, histopathology and adipose tissue levels of TBDD.Results: Three 300 μg/kg-dosed females died on Days 21, 23 and 27, and exhibited a marked decrease in body weight, severe thymic atrophy, decreased bone marrow hematopoiesis and hemorrhage in the subarachnoid space of brain and spinal cord. TBDD-dosed surviving rats exhibited growth retardation, decreased bone marrow hematopoiesis, decreases in red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations, and hematocrit values, an increase in reticulocytes and decreases in platelet counts, white blood cell counts and eosinophils. These signs suggested TBDD myelotoxicity. Splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis was increased in both sexes given TBDD, whereas atrophy of the splenic white pulp occurred only in TBDD-dosed females. Marked decreases in body weights and the size and weight of the thymus, severe thymic atrophy and death in TBDD-dosed females suggested a wasting syndrome. The adipose tissue level of TBDD culminated on Day 7 and decreased to 20-30% of the Day 7 level on Day 36.Conclusions: The TBDD-induced effects were characterized by a wasting syndrome and myelotoxicity that appeared at the dose levels of 30 μg/kg and higher and caused death in 300 μg/kg-dosed females.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic and myelotoxic effects of single administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats

Yamamoto

Nagano

Senoh

et al. 2006

Environ. Health Prev. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has also been reported that PBDDs and PBDFs were formed during extrusion and molding processes of polybrominated flame-retardant polymers, and that workplace air was contaminated with tetra-BDDs and tetra-BDFs during these manufacturing processes Knies, 1990 and. There has been a paucity of medical case reports and epidemiological studies on PBDD/Fexposed humans except for a case report of chloracne in a chemist accidentally exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin (TBDD) in his laboratory (Schecter and Ryan, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose- And Time-Dependent Effects of 2,3,7,8-Tetrabromodibenzo-P-Dioxin on Rat Liver

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Dose-and time-dependent effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin (TBDD) on the liver were examined by single administration of TBDD by gavage to male and female rats. Fifteen Wistar rats of each sex per group received 0, 10, 30, 100 or 300 μg TBDD/kg body weight. Rats surviving to scheduled necropsy on Day 2, 7 or 36 after the TBDD administration were examined for hepatic histopathology, activities of hepatic microsomal enzymes and serum levels of lipids, total cholesterol and transaminases and hepatic concentrations of TBDD. Tigroid basophilic cytoplasm and hepatocellular hypertrophy were observed at 10 μg/kg on Day 2 or 7 through 36, whereas degenerative and aggressive lesions such as necrosis, fibrosis, multinucleated hepatocytes and disarrangement of hepatocytes occurred later at higher dose levels. Persistently increased activities of hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD) and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), increased serum levels of total cholesterol and phospholipid and increased relative liver weight were observed in all groups dosed 10 μg/kg and above, suggesting that hepatic microsomal monooxygenases and basophilic cytoplasm of hepatocytes were early and sensitive indicators among those TBDD-induced effects. A dosedependent increase in liver concentrations of TBDD on Day 2 was followed by logarithmic decreases in TBDD concentrations against the days elapsed after the TBDD administration. An elimination half-life (t 1/2 ) of TBDD from the liver was estimated to range from 12 to 16 days. It was suggested that females were more susceptible to TBDD than males, and that acute hepatotoxicity of TBDD was as potent as that of 2,3,7,.

show abstract

“…Researchers in the US found exposure to Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) may cause an increased risk of cancer of the digestive and lymph systems [14]. The presence of polybrominated flame-retardants in plastic makes recycling dangerous and difficult [15].…”

Section: Brominated Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Waste: Ethical Implications for Education and Research

Hawari¹,

Hassan²

2010

IIUMEJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“E-waste” is a popular, informal name for electronic products nearing the end of their “useful life”. This includes discarded computers, televisions, VCRs, stereos, copiers, fax machines, electric lamps, cell phones, audio equipment and batteries. E-wastes are considered dangerous, as certain components of some of these electronic products contain materials; such as lead; that are hazardous, depending on their condition and density. If improperly disposed, E-wastes can leach lead and other substances into soil and groundwater posing a threat to human health and environment. Many of these electronic products can be reused, refurbished, or recycled in an environmentally sound manner so that they are less harmful to the ecosystem. This paper highlights the types and hazards of E-wastes particularly the computers’ waste. The dimensions and ethicality of the problem in the third-world countries are reviewed. The needs for the appropriate management of e-waste and options that can be implemented are discussed. After reviewing the Islamic concepts for environmental protection, ethical implications for curriculum development as well research directions are highlighted. Elements for a course on e-waste as well as some across-the-curriculum topics are proposed. This is specially tailored to suit the faculty of Engineering at the International Islamic University-Malaysia.

show abstract

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Systemic and myelotoxic effects of single administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats

Systemic and myelotoxic effects of single administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats

Dose- And Time-Dependent Effects of 2,3,7,8-Tetrabromodibenzo-P-Dioxin on Rat Liver

E-Waste: Ethical Implications for Education and Research

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About