Workplace Bullying and Suicidal Ideation: A 3-Wave Longitudinal Norwegian Study

Nielsen, Morten Birkeland; Nielsen, Geir Høstmark; Notelaers, Guy; Einarsen, Ståle

doi:10.2105/ajph.2015.302855

Cited by 116 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This study, which extends previously published data (6,13), was based on a three-wave survey of a representative sample of Norwegian employees (14,15). Time-lags between surveys were two (T1-T2) and five years (T1-T3).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…This makes a strong case for arguing that exposure to bullying constitutes a risk factor for suicidal ideation (6). While there is theoretical and empirical evidence for bullying as a risk factor for suicidal ideation, previous studies have not provided information about the particular behavioral content of the bullying.…”

Section: Nielsen Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identification of risk factors for suicidal ideation is therefore important for the development of prevention strategies. Victimization from workplace bullying has been established as a significant predictor of suicidal ideation in both cross-sectional (3)(4)(5) and longitudinal studies (6). Bullying is more strongly associated with suicidal ideation than well-known risk factors such as gender, neuroticism, anxiety, somatic complaints, and depersonalization (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does exposure to bullying behaviors at the workplace contribute to later suicidal ideation? A three-wave longitudinal study

Nielsen¹,

Einarsen²,

Notelaers³

et al. 2016

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Workplace bullying has been established as a predictor of suicidal ideation, but little is known about the relative impact of different forms of bullying behaviors. This study determines the relative impact of person-related, work-related, and physically intimidating bullying behaviors on subsequent suicidal ideation. Exposure to physical intimidation at work predicted suicidal ideation two years later. Short communication Scand J Work Environ Health. 2016;42(3):246-250. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3554 Does exposure to bullying behaviors at the workplace contribute to later suicidal ideation? A three-wave longitudinal study Objective This study aimed to determine the relative impact of person-related, work-related and physically intimidating bullying behaviors on suicidal ideation two and five years after the fact.Methods Logistic regression analyses were utilized to examine relationships between bullying behaviors and suicidal ideation in a random and representative cohort sample of 1775 (T1-T2)/1613 (T1-T3) Norwegian employees. The time lag between T1 and T2 was two years and five years between T1 and T3. Exposure to bullying behaviors was measured with the revised version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire. Suicidal ideation was measured with a single item asking respondents whether they had "Thoughts about ending your life" during the past seven days.Results Prevalence of suicidal ideation was 4% at T1, 5% at T2, and 4.2% at T3. At T1, 8.2% reported monthly exposure to person-related bullying, 19.1% to work-related bullying, and 1.8% to physically intimidating bullying behaviors. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, baseline suicidal ideation, and the shared variance of the bullying behavior categories, exposure to physical intimidation was the only form of bullying which significantly predicted suicidal ideation two [odds ratio (OR) 10.68, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 4.13-27.58) and five (OR 6.41, 95% CI 1.85-22.14) years later. ConclusionsExposure to workplace bullying behaviors in the form of physically intimidating behaviors is a risk factor for suicidal ideation. Although the prevalence of physical intimidation is low, this study shows that the consequences can be detrimental and organizations should therefore be especially aware of, and have available measures against, this type of bullying.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Nielsen Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does exposure to bullying behaviors at the workplace contribute to later suicidal ideation? A three-wave longitudinal study

Nielsen¹,

Einarsen²,

Notelaers³

et al. 2016

Scand J Work Environ Health

Self Cite

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“…1 Professor Emeritis, Southern Illinois University he or she becomes physically ill, resigns, or, in extreme cases, commits suicide (Nielsen, Nielsen, Notelaers, & Einarsen, 2015). Neuroscientists distinguish between (a) general intelligence, which consists of reasoning and memory, and (b) social intelligence, or empathic capacity, which gives us compassion and a conscience.…”

Section: Social Intelligencementioning

confidence: 99%

Social Intelligence and the Explanation of Workplace Abuse

Popp¹

2017

SAGE Open

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Bullying in the workplace by management-level supervisors and executives has been well documented in the literature; however, bullying of employees by their associates is often less noticeable, even stealth, and has been understudied. This article presents a theoretical model that draws from the literature of clinical psychology and recent research in neuroscience to identify and describe the four different roles played in employee workplace colleague abuse. These roles include (1) the leader of the abuse, (2) the targeted employee, (3) members of the mob who bully the targeted employee under the direction of the abuse leader, and (4) participants in a whisper campaign. To understand the motivations of employees who intentionally cause an associate distress or illness, it is necessary to understand these distinct roles.

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“…Psychological and psychosomatic reactions become more prominent and severe with persistent exposure. Illustrating these reactions, research shows that prolonged bullying is associated with subsequent reports of anxiety (8,15), depression (8,16), suicidal ideation (17,18), headache (19), and sleep problems (20)(21)(22). In a meta-analysis it was found that exposure to bullying predicted subsequent mental health complaints [odds ratio (OR) 1.68, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.35-2.09] and somatic complaints (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.41-2.22) after adjusting for baseline health status (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace bullying and sickness absence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature

Nielsen¹,

Indregard²,

Øverland³

2016

Scand J Work Environ Health

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152

104

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Workplace bullying and sickness absence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature by Nielsen MB, Indregard AMR, Øverland S This review found that exposure to workplace bullying is a risk factor for later sickness absence. There is a shortage of studies on the moderators and mediators that can explain the relationship between bullying and absence. None of the identified studies examined if or how sickness absence increases the risk of later exposure to workplace bullying. Affiliation 359Review Scand J Work Environ Health. 2016;42(5):359-370. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3579 Workplace bullying and sickness absence: a systematic review and metaanalysis of the research literature Objective The association between workplace bullying and sickness absence remains unclear. This paper presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of research on the association. MethodWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published primary studies on workplace bullying and sickness absence. Studies based on prospective design or registry data on sickness absence were included. Cross-sectional studies with self-reported sickness absence were excluded.Results Seventeen primary studies were included in the review, sixteen originated from the Nordic countries and fifteen included registry data on sickness absence. All but one study found that exposure to workplace bullying was associated with increased risk of sickness absence. A meta-analysis of ten independent studies showed that exposure to bullying increased the risk of sickness absence (odds ratio 1.58, 95% CI 1.39-1.79). Five studies included variables that moderated the association between bullying and absenteeism. None of the studies included mediating variables. No studies examined sickness absence as a risk factor for later exposure to bullying. Following the GRADE guidelines, the evidence for an association between bullying and sickness absence is moderate.Conclusions Workplace bullying is a risk factor for sickness absence, but the mechanisms to explain this relationship are not sufficiently described. It is unclear whether sickness absence predicts later exposure to bullying. While, the methodological quality of the reviewed studies was high, the knowledge base is small. There is a need for more research on how and when bullying is related to sickness absence and the possible bidirectional relationships involved.

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Workplace Bullying and Suicidal Ideation: A 3-Wave Longitudinal Norwegian Study

Abstract: Workplace bullying may be a precursor to suicidal ideation, whereas suicidal ideation seems to have no impact on subsequent risk of being bullied. Regulations against bullying should be integrated into work-related legislation and public health policies.

Cited by 116 publications

References 34 publications

Does exposure to bullying behaviors at the workplace contribute to later suicidal ideation? A three-wave longitudinal study

Does exposure to bullying behaviors at the workplace contribute to later suicidal ideation? A three-wave longitudinal study

Social Intelligence and the Explanation of Workplace Abuse

Workplace bullying and sickness absence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature

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