Workplace bullying and harassment at sea: A structured literature review

Österman, Cecilia; Boström, Magnus

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104910

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In maritime transport, "flag of convenience" has caused many labour contract breaches that have increased the stress and frustration of employees. Some scholars advocate a global solution that could establish fair working conditions providing an authentic LPF [17]. The authors contended that "this does not necessarily imply more legislation, but rather a more stringent monitoring, enforcement, and compliance of existing regulatory framework.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of COVID-Related EU State Aid on the Level Playing Field for Airlines

Martín-Domingo

Martín

2022

Sustainability

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State aid for airlines around the world has been a common practice during the COVID-19 pandemic, as the air transport was one of the sectors most heavily affected. This study analyzes 27 cases of state aid to EU airlines between 1 March 2020 and 30 September 2021 with a total amount of €85 billion. The information was obtained from the area of competition of the European Commission (EC), which is the entity responsible for final approval. Results indicate that the largest EU economies (Germany and France), as well as some Northern European countries, are supporting national airlines more extensively. Airlines with a weaker financial performance before the pandemic were more likely to receive state aid. Government involvement in the airline industry during the recent health crisis will have an important influence on the level playing field (LPF) for airlines. It is still unclear how this will evolve in the future, but it seems that some airlines now resemble the public flag companies of the past.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of COVID-Related EU State Aid on the Level Playing Field for Airlines

Martín-Domingo

Martín

2022

Sustainability

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“…The maritime sector is plagued with a serious issue of workplace harassment and nothing appears to have improved since the first reviewed report was released in 1995 until the present. Over 50% of female seafarers and 8% to 25% of all seafarers report experiencing workplace bullying and harassment [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Because of the high number of complaints about power harassment activities in 2012, power harassment was the most common type of workplace activity. 16 The number of cases roughly corresponds to the total of 25.3% percent of Japanese employees who have been subjected to power abuse in the last three years. In recent years, power harassment has been an issue in Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Psychometric Properties of Harassment Tendency Scale

Mobeen

Bano

2022

IJIST

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The aim of this research was to construct a native scale for harassment tendency and psychometric properties for the assessment of the Harassment tendency scale according to the cultural perspective of the Urdu language used. This indigenous scale can be used by psychologists, psychiatrists and even researchers for the general population to measure the tendency of harassment among males and females as well. Utilizing existent content and information from the literature research, the initial item pool of 150 items were created. Following the pilot research, 12 of the 138 expert-evaluated items were kept, including the eight aspects of harassment. Additionally, data from the sample of (N=340) people who completed this scale's final administration were gathered. Participants from educational institutions and local communities from different areas of Pakistan by using a self-reported questionnaire through convenient sampling. Rotated component matrix analysis shows, factors loading ranges from 0.402 to 0.641 of 97 items. The sample adequacy showed KMO=0.866 on 27 items (N=340) and factor loading loaded 8 factors. CFI value 0.909 with the significant model fit p<0.05 with appropriate model fit indices. HTS also conformed to good test-retest reliability (r=0.954, p=.000) at a 0.01 alpha level which is indicated the scale is a reliable measure for harassment tendency. A scale to measure Harassment tendency in the Urdu language is competently established with 27 questions and eight factors. Statistical Package for the Social Science volume 24 used for EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis). AMOS (Analysis of a Moment structure) version 24 was used for CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis).

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“…In contrast, laissez-faire leadership, where leaders basically abdicate their leader responsibilities, is associated with higher levels of bullying (Salin & Hoel, 2020 ). Given the fact that managers are often identified as perpetrators (Österman & Boström, 2022 ), the impact and importance of leadership is paramount.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review of scientific literature on workplace bullying and harassment at sea shows that it remains a substantial problem in the maritime industry (Österman & Boström, 2022 ). To the extent that workplace bullying and harassment has been considered within the maritime safety management system, it has often been from a reactive stance with emphasis on reporting of incidents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating Clarity and Crew Courage: Preventive and Promotive Measures for a Maritime Industry Without Bullying and Harassment

Boström

Österman

2022

Occup Health Sci

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Seafaring shares many characteristics with contemporary working life ashore. However, a major difference is that seafarers can spend up to 12 months aboard a ship that constitutes a work, living and recreational environment. Onboard work includes many stressors that can potentially contribute to workplace bullying and harassment, which in turn can affect safety critical operations. The aim of this study was to identify underlying causes in the organizational and social work environment that can cause workplace bullying and harassment at sea, and to suggest appropriate preventive and promotive strategies and measures. Data were collected mainly through World Café workshops with 56 participants from the Swedish maritime industry. Seafarer occupational health, safety, and wellbeing is largely determined by interdependent factors at micro, meso, and macro levels, where different stakeholders play various roles. Strategies and measures starting at the individual seafarer, and gradually expanding outwards toward the maritime industry are suggested. It is important that a victim of bullying or harassment receives adequate support. Creating crew courage enables employees to both recognize troubling situations and know how to act and respond to a situation. To bridge the gap between policy and practice, the legislative framework needs translating into practical procedures to make sense to the middle manager at the sharp end, with limited knowledge, time, resources, and decision latitude. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of work environment interventions – what works, for whom, and under which circumstances.

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Workplace bullying and harassment at sea: A structured literature review

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

The Effect of COVID-Related EU State Aid on the Level Playing Field for Airlines

The Effect of COVID-Related EU State Aid on the Level Playing Field for Airlines

Development and Psychometric Properties of Harassment Tendency Scale

Creating Clarity and Crew Courage: Preventive and Promotive Measures for a Maritime Industry Without Bullying and Harassment

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