Working Women in the Sandwich Generation: Theories, Tools and Recommendations for Supporting Women's Working Lives

Abstract

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The Roles of Family-Supportive Supervisor Behaviour, Work-Life Balance, Job Satisfaction, Motivation, and Job Performance Among Married Private Employees

“…The world is changing rapidly where many people are now looking for balance and meaning in their lives. Including in terms of work, they want their work to be balanced, feel interesting and meaningful, full of opportunities to learn new things, and consistent in achieving these goals (Rajahonka et al, 2022). The study shows that there is a positive relationship to the six hypotheses that were built and based on the indirect relationship resulting from the Lisrel 8.80 output, two mediating roles were obtained which played a significant role.…”

“…Employees who believe that their boss cares about their personal and work lives are more likely to improve performance and meet supervisory goals (Rofcanin et al, 2018). There are four types of behaviour in FSSB: (1) emotional support; (2) daily work and personal problem solving; (3) role modelling; and (4) recognition of the strategic importance of work and family problems, also known as proactive and creative work-family management (Rajahonka et al, 2022).…”

“…Family-supportive supervisor behavior (FSSB) is very important for work-life balance and the achievement of organizational goals (García et al, 2018). Employees who believe that their boss cares about their personal and professional lives are more likely to improve their job performance and meet control objectives (Rajahonka et al, 2022;Rofcanin et al, 2018). Research conducted on employees of small and medium enterprises showed that family-supportive supervisor behavior strengthens the relationship between work-life balance and job performance (Susanto et al, 2022).…”

“…Family-supportive supervisor behaviours consist of four types of behaviours: emotional support, daily work and personal problem solving, role modelling, and recognition of the strategic importance of work and family issues (Rajahonka et al, 2022). Family-supportive supervisor behaviours from a leader can have a positive impact on employees, including influencing an increase in employee motivation, especially extrinsic motivation, and prosocial motivation (Bosch et al, 2018).…”

Expectations of fulfilling the grandparent role in the context of maintaining professional activity. Analysis of an international survey

“…It is also women who make up the vast majority of the so-called Sandwich Generation, that is, people who take care of younger and older family members at the same time (e.g. ageing parents, children and grandchildren) (Evans, Millsteed, et al, 2019;Rajahonka, Kwiatkowska-Ciotucha, et al, 2022). Therefore, it was important to check whether this greater involvement in family responsibilities towards dependants translates into a more critical attitude towards women (rather than men) who would like to continue their professional activity.…”