Working with religious and spiritual athletes: Ethical considerations for sport psychologists

Abstract

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Cultural sport psychology: a critical review of empirical advances

“…Cultural sport psychology (CSP) is a rapidly growing genre of sport psychology that has challenged the normative psychological discourse on viewing psychological processes as autonomous or, at best, interacting with sociocultural environment at the level of individual experience. Scholars within CSP emphasize a constitutive rather than a causal role of cultural and social historicity in people's lives and identities, advocate for opening the privileged intellectual space for marginalised topics and ethics of difference, and facilitate a cultural praxis work of addressing pressing local issues by engaging contemporary theories and research in culturally reflexive ways [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Recently, CSP scholarship branched out to the empirical arena to expand understandings of the specific ways in which cultural discourses and practices are enmeshed with personal meanings and experiences, resulting in affording, shaping and/or limiting athletic talent, psychological skills and career development [7][8][9][10], performance and wellbeing [11][12][13][14], subjectification, identity negotiations, and coach-athlete and peer relationships [15][16][17][18], as well as physical activity and lifestyle sport participation [19,20].…”

Psychological models in sport psychology: A preliminary investigation

“…Finally, it is worth noting the lack of endorsement for spiritual approaches, represented in the MAQ by statements such as: "The issue is better understood through religious or spiritual insights". There is growing evidence in the sport psychology literature, indicating the relevance of religious and spiritual values for a variety of elite athletes (e.g., Egli, Fisher, & Gentner, 2014;Sarkar, Hill, & Parker, 2014;Storch, Kolsky, Silvestri, & Storch, 2001;Watson & Nesti, 2005). Nevertheless, the spiritual model stood out both statistically and perceptually as something that was rarely considered; a similar finding to both Harland et al (2009) and Reid et al (2017) with their clinical and psychiatric trainees.…”

Public service ethics, values and spirituality in developing and transitional countries: Challenges and opportunities

“…There have been controversies surrounding the differences and similarities between spirituality and religion (Hill & Pargament, 2003; Petchsawanga & Duchon, 2012; Sarkar, Hill, & Parker, 2014). While some researchers perceive religion as a broader concept than spirituality (Hill & Pargament, 2003; Rican, 2005), others perceive spirituality to be a broader concept than religion (Berry, 2005; Marler & Hadaway, 2002).…”

“…It is further argued that religion is more community focused while spirituality tends to be more individualistic; religion is more observable, measurable, and objective while spirituality is less visible, non‐quantifiable and more subjective; religion is more formal, orthodox, and organized while spirituality is less formal, less orthodox and less systematic; religion tends to be behavior oriented with an emphasis on outward practices while spirituality tends to be more emotionally oriented and inwardly directed (Johnson, 2007:92; Hill & Smith, 2003:232). Hence, religion is viewed as occurring within a formally structured religious institution such as a church, synagogue, or mosque, whereas spirituality is often characterized by more experiential dynamics associated with personal meaning (Sarkar et al, 2014; Hill & Pargament, 2008; Hill et al, 2000). In contrast, spirituality has been described as an element of religious practice, and it sits within the broader domain of religion (Pargament, 1999).…”