Working memory is (almost) perfectly predicted by g

Colom, Roberto; Rebollo, Irene; Palacios, Azucena; Juan-Espinosa, Manuel; Kyllonen, Patrick C.

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2003.12.002

Cited by 352 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

202

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our finding that working memory was strongly correlated with school academic performance is consistent with previous studies, which indicates that working memory is highly correlated with fluid intelligence (Kane & Engle, 2002), and other high-level cognitive skills such as reading, mathematics, and reasoning (Colom et al, 2004;Engle et al, 1992;Jarrold & Towse, 2006). Compared to never-drinkers, binge-drinkers performed normally on the working memory and scored normally on the school academic performance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This task has been linked to neural activity within the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPC) (Petrides, Alivisatos, Meyer, & Evans, 1993) and has been used to assess working memory capacity in several studies (Chaytor & Schmitter-Edgecombe, 2004;Chey, Lee, Kim, Kwon, & Shin, 2002;Pukrop et al, 2003;Ward, Shum, McKinlay, Baker-Tweney, & Wallace, 2005). Moreover, studies have shown that working memory is highly related to general cognitive functions such as reading, mathematics, and reasoning (Colom, Rebello, Palacios, Juan-Espinosa, & Kyllonen, 2004;Engle, Cantor, & Carullo, 1992;Jarrold & Towse, 2006). Therefore, we also ask the participants to report their school academic performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Affective decision-making deficits, linked to a dysfunctional ventromedial prefrontal cortex, revealed in 10th grade Chinese adolescent binge drinkers

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The primary aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that adolescent binge drinkers, but not lighter drinkers, would show signs of impairment on tasks of affective decision-making as measured by the Iowa Gambling Test (IGT), when compared to adolescents who never drank.We tested 207 10th grade adolescents in Chengdu City, China, using two versions of the IGT, the original and a variant, in which the reward/punishment contingencies were reversed. This enables one to distinguish among different possibilities of impaired decision-making, such as insensitivity to long-term consequences, or hypersensitivity to reward. Furthermore, we tested working memory capacity using the Self-ordered Pointing Test (SOPT). Paper and pencil questionnaires were used to assess drinking behaviors and school academic performance.Results indicated that relative to never-drinkers, adolescent binge drinkers, but not other (ever, past 30-day) drinkers, showed significantly lower net scores on the original version of the IGT especially in the latter trials. Furthermore, the profiles of behavioral performance from the original and variant versions of the IGT were consistent with a decision-making impairment attributed to hypersensitivity to reward. In addition, working memory and school academic performance revealed no differences between drinkers (at all levels) and never-drinkers. Logistic regression analysis showed that after controlling for demographic variables, working memory, and school academic performance, the IGT significantly predicted binge-drinking.These findings suggest that a "myopia" for future consequences linked to hypersensitivity to reward is a key characteristic of adolescents with binge-drinking behavior, and that underlying neural mechanisms for this "myopia" for future consequences may serve as a predisposing factor that renders some adolescents more susceptible to future addictive behaviors.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective decision-making deficits, linked to a dysfunctional ventromedial prefrontal cortex, revealed in 10th grade Chinese adolescent binge drinkers

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Gf-WM correlations are generally higher when the relations are examined at the level of factor scores, composite scores, or latent variables. To illustrate, correlations ranging from .59 to .89 have been reported in studies by Ackerman, Beier and Boyle (2002), Colom, Abad, Rebollo and Shih (2005), Colom, Flores-Mendoza and Rebollo (2003), Colom, Rebollo, Palacios, Juan-Espinosa and Kyllonen (2004), Colom and Shih (2004), Conway, et al (2002), Conway, Kane and Engle (2003), Kyllonen and Christal (1990), Suss, Oberaurer, Wittmann, Wilhelm and Schulze (2002), , and Wilhelm and Oberaurer (2006), and reported a median correlation of .72 across 14 different data sets.…”

Section: Results Inmentioning

confidence: 92%

Contextual analysis of fluid intelligence

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The nature of fluid intelligence was investigated by identifying variables that were, and were not, significantly related to this construct. Relevant information was obtained from three sources: reanalyses of data from previous studies, a study in which 791 adults performed storage-plusprocessing working memory tasks, and a study in which 236 adults performed a variety of working memory, updating, and cognitive control tasks. The results suggest that fluid intelligence represents a broad individual difference dimension contributing to diverse types of controlled or effortful processing. The analyses also revealed that very few of the age-related effects on the target variables were statistically independent of effects on established cognitive abilities, which suggests most of the age-related influences on a wide variety of cognitive control variables overlap with age-related influences on cognitive abilities such as fluid intelligence, episodic memory, and perceptual speed.The finding that nearly all cognitive variables are positively related to one another has been described as one of the most replicated results in psychology (cf. Deary, 2000), and one of the most replicated results in research on aging and cognition is that a very large number of cognitive variables are negatively related to adult age (e.g., Salthouse, 2001a;2004;Salthouse, Atkinson & Berish, 2003;Salthouse & Davis, 2006;Salthouse & Ferrer-Caja, 2003). Interestingly, these two sets of results are linked because the degree to which a given cognitive variable is related to other cognitive variables (as reflected by the variable's loading on the first principal component in a principal components analysis) has been found to predict the magnitude of the age correlation on the variable (e.g., Salthouse, 2001a,b, c). To illustrate, in an analysis of 30 different data sets, Salthouse (2001a) found a median rank-order correlation of .80 between a variable's loading on the first principal component and the absolute magnitude of the variable's correlation with age. Another intriguing outcome of these analyses was that the variables with the strongest associations with other variables and the strongest associations with age were frequently measures of reasoning or fluid intelligence (Gf).Relations among cognitive variables are often represented in terms of an organizational structure based on the patterns of correlations. There is considerable agreement that a particularly meaningful correlation-based organization is a hierarchical structure, with observed variables at the lowest level, various cognitive abilities at intermediate levels, and a g factor at the highest level (e.g., Carroll, 1993;Gustafsson, 1988;Jensen, 1998). A consistent finding of analyses investigating where in the hierarchical structure age-related influences operate is the discovery of significant negative relations of age on the highest-order factor in the structure (e.g., Salthouse, 2004;2005a;Salthouse & Ferrer-Caja, 2003). Moreover, these © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights r...

show abstract

“…Kyllonen and Christal (1990) showed, in a highly cited study, that working memory determines the condition of psychometric g almost completely. Several authors, following this line of research, showed that working memory and executive control largely determine the condition of Gf and psychometric g (Blair 2006;Colom et al 2004;Conway et al 2002;Kyllonen and Christal 1990;Miller and Vernon 1992). In fact, Engel de Abreu et al (2010) showed that cognitive control mechanisms, rather than storage as such, are the source of the link between working memory and fluid intelligence.…”

Section: Structural Functional and Developmental Relations Between mentioning

confidence: 99%

Educating the Developing Mind: Towards an Overarching Paradigm

Δημητρίου

Spanoudis

Mouyi³

2011

Educ Psychol Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This essay first summarizes an overarching theory of cognitive organization and development. This theory claims that the human mind involves (1) several specialized structural systems dealing with different domains of relations in the environment, (2) a central representational capacity system, (3) general inferential processes, and (4) consciousness. These systems interact dynamically during development so that changes in each are related to changes in others. The changes in all systems and the change mechanisms are described. This theory integrates research and theorizing from cognitive, developmental, and differential psychology. Based on this theory, a model for education is proposed that specifies, first, educational priorities for different phases of development according to the cognitive developmental milestones associated with each phase. The theory also specifies how education can educate students to (1) construct mental models for the sake of conceptual change, (2) use their central representational capacity efficiently, (3) advance analogical and deductive reasoning, (4) learn how to learn, and (5) become critical and creative thinkers. The theory is offered as an overarching paradigm for the architecture, the development, and the education of the human mind.

show abstract

Working memory is (almost) perfectly predicted by g

Cited by 352 publications

References 38 publications

Affective decision-making deficits, linked to a dysfunctional ventromedial prefrontal cortex, revealed in 10th grade Chinese adolescent binge drinkers

Affective decision-making deficits, linked to a dysfunctional ventromedial prefrontal cortex, revealed in 10th grade Chinese adolescent binge drinkers

Contextual analysis of fluid intelligence

Educating the Developing Mind: Towards an Overarching Paradigm

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About