Working memory in childhood-onset schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Karatekin, Canan; Asarnow, Robert F.

doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(98)00061-4

Cited by 160 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…However, response inhibition is not the only executive process atypical in children with ADHD. Other domains, including working memory, set shifting, set maintenance, and planning have also been repeatedly identified as being atypical in the disorder (Barnett et al 2001;Clark et al 2000;Karatekin and Asarnow 1998;McLean et al 2004;Nigg et al 1998;Pennington and Ozonoff 1996). Importantly, as noted above, it is becoming clear that many of the brain regions and circuits related to the typical development of executive functioning are atypical in children with ADHD (see Sect.…”

Section: Executive (Top-down) Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Matthews¹,

Nigg²,

Fair³

2013

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

108

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Over the last two decades, there have been numerous technical and methodological advances available to clinicians and researchers to better understand attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its etiology. Despite the growing body of literature investigating the disorder's pathophysiology, ADHD remains a complex psychiatric disorder to characterize. This chapter will briefly review the literature on ADHD, with a focus on its history, the current genetic insights, neurophysiologic theories, and the use of neuroimaging to further understand the etiology. We address some of the major concerns that remain unclear about ADHD, including subtype instability, heterogeneity, and the underlying neural correlates that define the disorder. We highlight that the field of ADHD is rapidly evolving; the descriptions provided here will hopefully provide a sturdy foundation for which to build and improve our understanding of the disorder.

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Section: Executive (Top-down) Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Matthews¹,

Nigg²,

Fair³

2013

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

108

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“…Barkley, Murphy, and Kwasnik (1996) found that young adults with ADHD had impaired sustained attention, auditory working memory, and visual-spatial working memory compared to a similar group of young adults without ADHD. Similarly, Karatekin and Asarnow (1998) documented deficits on both an auditory digit span test and a visual dot location working memory test in young adults with ADHD. In a more recent study, Murphy, Barkley, and Bush (2001) documented intact auditory working memory but impaired nonverbal working memory in a group of young adults with ADHD once overall intellectual abilities were statistically controlled for.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

The effects of distraction and a brief intervention on auditory and visual-spatial working memory in college students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Lineweaver

Kercood

O'Keeffe

et al. 2012

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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“…WM was viewed as a limited capacity system, and thus children with impaired WM often experience overload during learning activities, hindering their ability to sustain attention and stay on task [13]. Neuropsychological testing reveals moderate-to-marked impairment in WM in children with ADHD, both in initiating WM and in the limits of storage, particularly in the visuospatial domain [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. These WM deficits may contribute significantly to inefficient learning, behavioral problems, executive dysfunction, and the eventual underachievement that children with ADHD often experience [25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Will Working Memory Training Generalize to Improve Off-Task Behavior in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

et al. 2012

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Computerized working memory and executive function training programs designed to target specific impairments in executive functioning are becoming increasingly available, yet how well these programs generalize to improve functional deficits in disorders, such as attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), beyond the training context is not well-established. The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which working memory (WM) training in children with ADHD would diminish a core dysfunctional behavior associated with the disorder, "offtask" behavior during academic task performance. The effect of computerized WM training (adaptive) was compared to a placebo condition (nonadaptive) in a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled design in 26 children (18 males; age, 7 to 14 years old) diagnosed with ADHD. Participants completed the training in approximately 25 sessions. The Restricted Academic Situations Task (RAST) observational system was used to assess aspects of off-task behavior during the completion of an academic task. Traditional measures of ADHD symptoms (Conners' Parent Rating Scale) and WM ability (standardized WM tests) were also collected. WM training led to significant reductions in off-task ADHDassociated behavior on the RAST system and improvement on WM tests. There were no significant differences between groups in improvement on parent rating scales. Findings lend insight into the generalizability of the effects of WM training and the relation between deficits in WM and off-task behavioral components of ADHD. These preliminary data suggest WM training may provide a mechanism for indirectly altering academic performance in children with ADHD.

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Working memory in childhood-onset schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 160 publications

References 62 publications

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

The effects of distraction and a brief intervention on auditory and visual-spatial working memory in college students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Will Working Memory Training Generalize to Improve Off-Task Behavior in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

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