Working memory impairments in first-episode psychosis and chronic schizophrenia

Zanello, Adriano; Curtis, Logos; Bâ, Maryse Badan; Merlo, M.C.G.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.10.006

Cited by 45 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Participants responded the fastest in the detection task, followed by the 1-back (p = 0.015) and 2-back tasks (p < 0.001), independent of their diagnoses (Table 2). In line with a widely accepted hypothesis, 37,38 performance in the 2-back task was affected by first-episode psychosis (p = 0.005). It is, however, noteworthy that even during the 2-back task, patients with first-episode psychosis responded correctly in more than 92% of the trials.…”

Section: Behavioural Datasupporting

confidence: 83%

Event-related potentials and changes of brain rhythm oscillations during working memory activation in patients with first-episode psychosis

Missonnier

Herrmann

Zanello

et al. 2012

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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Background: Earlier contributions have documented significant changes in sensory, attention-related endogenous event-related potential (ERP) components and theta band oscillatory responses during working memory activation in patients with schizophrenia. In patients with first-episode psychosis, such studies are still scarce and mostly focused on auditory sensory processing. The present study aimed to explore whether subtle deficits of cortical activation are present in these patients before the decline of working memory performance. Methods: We assessed exogenous and endogenous ERPs and frontal theta event-related synchronization (ERS) in patients with first-episode psychosis and healthy controls who successfully performed an adapted 2-back working memory task, including 2 visual n-backworking memory tasks as well as oddball detection and passive fixation tasks. Results: We included 15 patients with first-episode psychosis and 18 controls in this study. Compared with controls, patients with first-episode psychosis displayed increased latencies of early visual ERPs and phasic theta ERS culmination peak in all conditions. However, they also showed a rapid recruitment of working memory-related neural generators, even in pure attention tasks, as indicated by the decreased N200 latency and increased amplitude of sustained theta ERS in detection compared with controls. Limitations: Owing to the limited sample size, no distinction was made between patients with first-episode psychosis with positive and negative symptoms. Although we controlled for the global load of neuroleptics, medication effect cannot be totally ruled out. Conclusion: The present findings support the concept of a blunted electroencephalographic response in patients with first-episode psychosis who recruit the maximum neural generators in simple attention conditions without being able to modulate their brain activation with increased complexity of working memory tasks

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Section: Behavioural Datasupporting

confidence: 83%

Event-related potentials and changes of brain rhythm oscillations during working memory activation in patients with first-episode psychosis

Missonnier

Herrmann

Zanello

et al. 2012

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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“…Patients with SZ may fail to recruit the DLPFC during the WM tasks [52], which may reflect poor integration of neural networks or individual differences in performance and/or motivation [53]. Many confounding factors, such as medication and disease chronicity/duration [52,54,55], may also influence neural alterations in WM processing in SZ patients; therefore, it is important to consider that genetic variability in healthy individuals may not always reflect the same pathological process as in clinical cases [54]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZNF804A Genotype Modulates Neural Activity during Working Memory for Faces

Linden

Lancaster²,

Wolf

et al. 2013

Neuropsychobiology

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Background: Genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia (SZ) has been suggested to influence the cortical systems supporting working memory (WM) and face processing. Genetic imaging studies link the SZ risk variant rs1344706 on the ZNF804A gene to psychosis via alterations in functional brain connectivity during WM, but no work has looked at the effects of ZNF804A on WM with face-processing components. Methods: We therefore investigated healthy controls that were genotyped for rs1344706 with a face WM task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We suggested that variation at the rs1344706 locus would be associated with similar alterations as patients previously tested using the same WM task for faces. Results: The rs1344706 risk allele was indeed associated with altered activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal (rDLPFC) cortex. We established that the rDLPFC was activated in a task-dependent manner, suggesting that the differences in activation between rs1344706 genotype groups reflected alterations in task processing. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the rDLPFC region showed significant volumetric overlap with the rDLPFC which had previously been reported to be altered during task processing for patients with SZ. Conclusions: The findings support an association between rs1344706 and alterations in DLPFC activity during WM for faces. We further suggest that WM for faces may be a useful intermediate phenotype in the investigation of genetic susceptibility to psychosis.

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“…Maintenance involves retaining information in a sequential manner, manipulation deals with rearrangement of the information sequence while monitoring checks and updates the contents of WM to determine the next step in a sequential task. WM in all subsystems is impaired in first episode patients (Zanello et al, 2009) and unaffected first degree relatives (Conklin et al, 2005; Saperstein et al, 2006; Horan et al, 2008). Relatives of SZ patients perform poorly on spatial WM (Awh et al, 1998; Saperstein et al, 2006) and spatial memory capacity (O'Connor et al, 2009).…”

Section: Nature Of Neurocognitive Deficits In Young Relatives At Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premorbid cognitive deficits in young relatives of schizophrenia patients

Keshavan

Kulkarni

Bhojraj

et al. 2009

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia (SZ) are thought to be stable trait markers that predate the illness and manifest in relatives of patients. Adolescence is the age of maximum vulnerability to the onset of SZ and may be an opportune “window” to observe neurocognitive impairments close to but prior to the onset of psychosis. We reviewed the extant studies assessing neurocognitive deficits in young relatives at high risk (HR) for SZ and their relation to brain structural alterations. We also provide some additional data pertaining to the relation of these deficits to psychopathology and brain structural alterations from the Pittsburgh Risk Evaluation Program (PREP). Cognitive deficits are noted in the HR population, which are more severe in first-degree relatives compared to second-degree relatives and primarily involve psychomotor speed, memory, attention, reasoning, and social-cognition. Reduced general intelligence is also noted, although its relationship to these specific domains is underexplored. Premorbid cognitive deficits may be related to brain structural and functional abnormalities, underlining the neurobiological basis of this illness. Cognitive impairments might predict later emergence of psychopathology in at-risk subjects and may be targets of early remediation and preventive strategies. Although evidence for neurocognitive deficits in young relatives abounds, further studies on their structural underpinnings and on their candidate status as endophenotypes are needed.

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Working memory impairments in first-episode psychosis and chronic schizophrenia

Cited by 45 publications

References 45 publications

Event-related potentials and changes of brain rhythm oscillations during working memory activation in patients with first-episode psychosis

Event-related potentials and changes of brain rhythm oscillations during working memory activation in patients with first-episode psychosis

ZNF804A Genotype Modulates Neural Activity during Working Memory for Faces

Premorbid cognitive deficits in young relatives of schizophrenia patients

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