Working Memory Encoding Delays Top–Down Attention to Visual Cortex

Scalf, Paige E.; Dux, Paul E.; Marois, René

doi:10.1162/jocn.2011.21621

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Another study of the P3b recording indicated that it has increased variability during the AB, which is consistent with the aforementioned findings, and suggests that the amount of delay in T2 processing varies from one trial to the next . Interestingly, the finding of delayed processing in posterior areas during the AB was extended by Scalf, Dux, and Marois (2011), who employed time-resolved fMRI to find delayed activation of occipital areas for T2 displayed during the AB. The neural sources of the P3b have been localized to posterior brain structures including posteriorparietal areas and the TPJ (e.g., Polich, 2003;Johnson, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Attentional Blink Impairs Detection and Delays Encoding of Visual Information: Evidence from Human Electrophysiology

Dell’Acqua

Dux

Wyble

et al. 2015

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Abstract■ This article explores the time course of the functional interplay between detection and encoding stages of information processing in the brain and the role they play in conscious visual perception. We employed a multitarget rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) approach and examined the electrophysiological P3 component elicited by a target terminating an RSVP sequence. Target-locked P3 activity was detected both at frontal and parietal recording sites and an independent component analysis confirmed the presence of two distinct P3 components. The posterior P3b varied with intertarget lag, with diminished amplitude and postponed latency at short relative to long lagsan electroencephalographic signature of the attentional blink (AB). Under analogous conditions, the anterior P3a was also reduced in amplitude but did not vary in latency. Collectively, the results provide an electrophysiological record of the interaction between frontal and posterior components linked to detection (P3a) and encoding (P3b) of visual information. Our findings suggest that, although the AB delays target encoding into working memory, it does not slow down detection of a target but instead reduces the efficacy of this process. A functional characterization of P3a in attentive tasks is discussed with reference to current models of the AB phenomenon. ■

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Attentional Blink Impairs Detection and Delays Encoding of Visual Information: Evidence from Human Electrophysiology

Dell’Acqua

Dux

Wyble

et al. 2015

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…This finding was in accordance with our assumption that the increased perceptual difficulty of T 1 processing recruits more attention to T 1 and benefits the processing of a subsequent T 2 presented at the same location. It also clearly demonstrates that the effect of the T 1 noise manipulation on T 2 processing employed an underlying mechanism different from those in most of the previous studies, which have examined the effect of T 1 difficulty on T 2 performance by manipulating the memory load (Akyürek et al, 2010;Jolicoeur & Dell'Acqua, 1998;Ouimet & Jolicoeur, 2007;Scalf et al, 2011;Taatgen et al, 2009;Zhang, Zhou, & Martens, 2011), mental rotation (Taatgen et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2011), or response selection (Giesbrecht, Sy, & Elliott, 2007) associated with T 1 processing. In those studies, more resources were needed to process T 1 in working memory-according to the resource accounts, for example-leaving fewer resources for T 2 processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…For example, an unreported T 2 is nonetheless processed at a relatively high level-for example, the semantic level-indicating that the bottleneck of identifying a second target during the AB is not located at the perceptual processing stage (Chua, Goh, & Hon, 2001;Luck, Vogel, & Shapiro, 1996;Maki, Frigen, & Paulson, 1997;Shapiro, Driver, Ward, & Sorensen, 1997). Increasing the difficulty of encoding T 1 into working memory by increasing memory load leads to more severe AB on T 2 , indicating that T 2 performance varies as a function of the resource requirement of T 1 processing (Akyürek, Hommel, & Jolicoeur, 2007;Akyürek, Leszczyński, & Schubö, 2010;Jolicoeur & Dell'Acqua, 1998;Ouimet & Jolicoeur, 2007;Scalf, Dux, & Marois, 2011). On the other hand, if the distractor directly following T 1 , which provides backward masking to T 1 and prolongs T 1 processing, is replaced by a brief blank, the report of T 2 shows no (Chun & Potter, 1995;Raymond et al, 1992;Seiffert & Di Lollo, 1997) or little Nieuwenstein, Van der Burg, Theeuwes, Wyble, & Potter, 2009) performance deficit.…”

Section: Abstract Attentional Blink Rsvp Spread Of Sparingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this interference could be more severe when the number of targets within a single episode increases (i.e., when T 1 's memory load is elevated), leading to prolonged T 1 memory encoding, which produces stronger suppression of attention for a longer duration. This may explain why the AB is more severe in the high than in the low T 1 -memory-load situation (Akyürek et al, 2007;Akyürek et al, 2010;Jolicoeur & Dell'Acqua, 1998;Ouimet & Jolicoeur, 2007;Scalf et al, 2011).…”

Section: Abstract Attentional Blink Rsvp Spread Of Sparingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting the spread of sparing in the attentional blink

Chen

Zhou

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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The attentional blink (AB) refers to a deficit in reporting the second of two targets (T 2 ) in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream when this target is presented less than 500 ms after the onset of the first target (T 1 ). It is under debate whether the AB originates from a limitation of cognitive resources or from an attentional suppression process triggered by a distractor or by target discontinuity. In this study, we placed a distractor (D inter ) or an extra target (T inter ) between T 1 and T 2 while at the same time manipulating the time interval between D inter (or T inter ) and T 2 (0, 200, or 500 ms). The level of attentional enhancement induced by the detection of T 1 was also manipulated by adding external noise to T 1 . The results showed that, as compared to the dual-target condition, T 2 performance was better in the consecutive-target condition, when T 2 was close in time to T inter (i.e., the spread of sparing), but was worse with a longer interval between T 2 and the preceding item. Adding external noise to T 1 improved T 2 performance when T 2 was close in time to the preceding item, irrespective of whether this item was D inter or T inter . These findings present difficulties for the existing models of the AB, although the overall pattern observed is generally more consistent with the episodic simultaneous-type, serial-token (eSTST) model than with conventional resource accounts or distractor-based attentional selection accounts of the AB.

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“…In this sense, working memory and selective attention constitute two basic cognitive processes related with social cognition and influenced by some factors presented in the police quotidian functions, for example in decisions making based on top-down processes of visual environmental and social cues (Scalf, Dux, & Marois, 2011). Working memory involves the integration of recent information necessary to perform decisions and to accomplish long term memory storages (Baddeley, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Correlates of Impulsivity in Police Officers: A Neurocognitive and Ethnological Exploration

Mercadillo¹,

Barrios²

2011

TOCRIJ

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Abstract:Police represents an institution that regulates the social welfare where the officers assimilate the behavioral codes to perform their functions. One of the problems identified in the police officer's behaviors refers to aggressive expressions, probably linked with impulsive reactions. In this report, we show an exploratory study to elucidate the neurocognitive correlation of impulsivity in a Mexican sample of police officers. These neural correlates were obtained during the execution of cognitive paradigms in functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain functional data were complemented and interpreted through ethnological observations and psychometrical evaluations. Results suggest that the functional neurocognitive system regulating inhibitory reactions and impulsivity are based on moral and behavioral codes learned during the police training and practice. Aggression detected in this police department could be linked more with the perception of unfairness within the police organization but not with impulsive factors. Neurocognitive and ethnological approaches conform complementary strategies for more precise evaluation of aggressive expressions in police performance.

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Working Memory Encoding Delays Top–Down Attention to Visual Cortex

Abstract: Abstract■ The encoding of information from one event into working memory can delay high-level, central decision-making processes for subsequent events [e.g., Jolicoeur, P., & DellʼAcqua, R. The demonstration of short-term consolidation.

Cited by 19 publications

References 77 publications

The Attentional Blink Impairs Detection and Delays Encoding of Visual Information: Evidence from Human Electrophysiology

The Attentional Blink Impairs Detection and Delays Encoding of Visual Information: Evidence from Human Electrophysiology

Revisiting the spread of sparing in the attentional blink

Brain Correlates of Impulsivity in Police Officers: A Neurocognitive and Ethnological Exploration

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