2019
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9020038
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Working Memory, Cognitive Load and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Testing the CRUNCH Model with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract: The present study aimed to examine the effects of chronological age and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on cognitive performance and prefrontal cortex activity, and to test the compensation-related utilization of neural circuits hypothesis (CRUNCH). A total of 19 young adults (18–22 years) and 37 older ones (60–77 years) with a high or low CRF level were recruited to perform a working memory updating task under three different cognitive load conditions. Prefrontal cortex hemodynamic responses were continuously… Show more

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Cited by 31 publications
(60 citation statements)
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References 84 publications
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“…These results are in accordance with previous studies which reported that participants with the highest CRF also presented a higher PFC or occipital cortex oxygenation during a cognitive or visual task, whatever the age, thus supporting the cerebrovascular reserve hypothesis [24,37,60]. Agbangla et al found a similar pattern in working memory task (n-back) and reported that high-fit older adults had a higher response to PFC oxygenation than low-fit older adults [23]. More specifically, active individuals displayed a greater decrease of ∆HHb then inactive individuals during the inhibition condition, which represents greater oxygenation.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…These results are in accordance with previous studies which reported that participants with the highest CRF also presented a higher PFC or occipital cortex oxygenation during a cognitive or visual task, whatever the age, thus supporting the cerebrovascular reserve hypothesis [24,37,60]. Agbangla et al found a similar pattern in working memory task (n-back) and reported that high-fit older adults had a higher response to PFC oxygenation than low-fit older adults [23]. More specifically, active individuals displayed a greater decrease of ∆HHb then inactive individuals during the inhibition condition, which represents greater oxygenation.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Although the studies in the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) field are growing exponentially [20][21][22], most of the studies that address the relationship between PA and cerebral oxygenation have the goal of measuring these factors in older adults to prevent or reduce cognitive impairment [23,24]. Little is known about the relationship between the participation in regular PA and cerebral oxygenation, more specifically prefrontal cortex (PFC) during cognitive processing in young adults, probably because the cerebrovascular reserve is not considered a limiting factor in this period of life [25].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…fNIRS is a relatively low-cost optical imaging technique that allows for the investigation of hemodynamic changes associated with brain activity and has been successfully used to examine activations of the cerebral cortex in normal aging [82] and in patients with AD [83]. Moreover, this optical neuroimaging technique has been proved to be sensitive to brain activation differences as a function of cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults [84]. In addition, it has been shown that this tool can be used in the African population to monitor cerebral hemodynamic activity [85,86].…”
Section: Future Research Directionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In particular, these previous studies observed (i) that higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (e.g., objectified by maximal oxygen uptake [ VO 2 max . ]) are associated with better cognitive performance and higher levels of oxyHb in the PFC [28][29][30][31] as well as (ii) that cortical hemodynamics (e.g., level of oxyHb concentration) mediate, at least partly, the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness level and cognitive performance [30][31][32].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%