“…Problem solving due to a technology being difficult to use would impose a heavy cognitive load on the user (Sweller, 1988). Smartphone notifications have been shown to interrupt a task and be disruptive (Bowman, Waite, & Levine, 2015) and peoples' working memory capacities, are related to their ability to multitask (Pollard & Courage, 2017). It has also been argued that offloading thinking onto smart-devices causes a new type of cognitive laziness and users may lose the ability to think for themselves (Barr et al, 2015).…”
Section: Technology Extension and Subtractionmentioning
The human-computer relationship is often convoluted, and despite decades of progress, many relationships relating to continued use are unclear and poorly defined. This may be due to a lack of interdisciplinary collaboration, especially from a theoretical standpoint between computer science and psychology. Following a review of existing theories that attempt to explain continued technology use, we developed the Technology Integration Model (TIM). In sum, the main objective of TIM is to outline the processes behind continued technology use in an individual's everyday life. Here we present the model alongside a description of its scope and the relationships between constructs. This can help generate research questions relating to technology use while simultaneously addressing many previous shortcomings of existing models. As a unifying theory, TIM can quickly be adopted by researchers and developers when designing and implementing new technologies.
“…Problem solving due to a technology being difficult to use would impose a heavy cognitive load on the user (Sweller, 1988). Smartphone notifications have been shown to interrupt a task and be disruptive (Bowman, Waite, & Levine, 2015) and peoples' working memory capacities, are related to their ability to multitask (Pollard & Courage, 2017). It has also been argued that offloading thinking onto smart-devices causes a new type of cognitive laziness and users may lose the ability to think for themselves (Barr et al, 2015).…”
Section: Technology Extension and Subtractionmentioning
The human-computer relationship is often convoluted, and despite decades of progress, many relationships relating to continued use are unclear and poorly defined. This may be due to a lack of interdisciplinary collaboration, especially from a theoretical standpoint between computer science and psychology. Following a review of existing theories that attempt to explain continued technology use, we developed the Technology Integration Model (TIM). In sum, the main objective of TIM is to outline the processes behind continued technology use in an individual's everyday life. Here we present the model alongside a description of its scope and the relationships between constructs. This can help generate research questions relating to technology use while simultaneously addressing many previous shortcomings of existing models. As a unifying theory, TIM can quickly be adopted by researchers and developers when designing and implementing new technologies.
“…In another study, Sanbonmatsu et al (2013) revealed that poor executive control, as reflected in low scores on the Operation Span (OSPAN) task—a dual‐task working‐memory task, was associated with high impulsivity and higher self‐reported multitasking activities. Another study further revealed that WMC as measured by OSPAN tasks was predictive of university students' real‐life multitasking ability (e.g., studying with a TV going on in the background; Pollard & Courage, 2017).…”
Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…As Kirschner and van Merriënboer (2013) commented on the so‐called digital natives' multitasking behavior:… though they do this, this does not mean that it is beneficial or positive for them to do this or that it is beneficial for learning (i.e., that the learning occurs more effectively or efficiently) and/or that it is not harmful for their accurately carrying out those tasks. (p. 172)Though some researchers demonstrated that learners' task performance was contingent upon the type of multitasking (i.e., concurrent or sequential; Dindar & Akbulut, 2016), a wealth of studies has documented a negative association with working memory capacity (WMC) and multitasking habits (e.g., Pollard & Courage, 2017; Sanbonmatsu, Strayer, Medeiros‐Ward, & Watson, 2013; Uncapher, Thieu, & Wagner, 2016). Furthermore, despite the research on WMC and multitasking ability, little is known about the effect of individual differences in WMC on the online search performance, that is, a generic form of multitasking in online learning.…”
Online search involves multitasking and may demand better working-memory capacities (WMC) and additional cognitive aids. Given the constraints of human cognition, we tested the effectiveness of note-taking strategies on university students' online search performance. Also examined were the profile configurations of WMC tests in silence and in irrelevant speech as well as its interaction effects with note-taking strategies on online search performance. Among the participants of 60 university students, we found a four-group WMC profile composition that differed significantly across WMC scores in both silence and irrelevant speech. Results showed that WMC profiles, note-taking groups and their interaction effect were significant factors on online search performance. Both Free Note and Matrix Note were beneficial for the students in low silent WMC profile groups. Study results have both theoretical and practical implications, advancing our understanding of the interrelationship of WMC under different conditions and informing instructional practice of online search performance.
“…(Kalat, 2009). Menurut Lerik (2016) Pollard dan Courage (2017), dan Simms, Frausel, dan Richland (2018) optimalnya memori kerja menjadikan seseorang mampu untuk produktif menyelesaikan tugasnya secara bersamaan tanpa kehilangan fokus, menjaga dan mempertahankan informasi tetap aktif pada otak dalam waktu yang cukup lama, cepat dalam menentukan jenis strategi yang akan digunakan dalam menyelesaikan tugasnya, dan memaksimalkan pengetahuan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang yang telah disimpan berdasarkan pengalaman untuk membantu mempersepi sebuah informasi.…”
It is important to optimize working memory because it transforms, synergizes and constantly updates new and old information. One way to optimize working memory is to listen to Murottal Al-Qur'an, because it has a harmonious tone which can stabilize the mind to properly process the information. This study aims to determine the effect of listening to the Al-Quran murottal on working memory. The research subjects were 24 students of Psikologi 2017, grouped equally in the control and experimental groups. An experimental intervention was administered for 15 consecutive days lasting 15 minutes and 52 seconds. Measurements in working memory use Operation Span Task, Reading Span Task and Symmetry Span Task. The design of the study used a pre-test post-test control group and the data were analyzed by t-test. The results showed a significant difference between the control group and the experimental group on the symmetry span task subtest (p = 0.044, p <0.05).
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