Working life gain from gain in old age life expectancy in India

Religious factors affecting death anxiety in older adults practicing Hinduism

“…A sample of 105 participants (age range = 41-79 years; mean age = 61.03; SD = 9.77) were recruited, using convenience sampling, from the pilgrimage site of Ardh Kumbh Mela, Prayagraj, India in February 2019. The average life expectancy in India is 69.4 years, which is much lower compared to that of most western nations (US -78.54 years, UK -81.6 years), and so the authors' have adjusted the 'old age' bracket accordingly (Dhillon & Ladusingh, 2013).…”

Perspectives on Old Age in India

“…Public transfers to the elderly through welfare or social security remain low and inadequate in meeting the needs of the aged (Dhillon and Ladusingh, 2013). Net public transfers to elders, after taking into account tax and other contributions of the elderly, covers only five per cent of the deficit in old age (Ladusingh, 2012).…”

“…As seen in Table 2, nearly 40 per cent of elderly men and 11 per cent of elderly women were working in 2012, with almost all elderly working men putting in more than 4 hours daily. As life expectancy increases, it is estimated that men aged 60 will continue to work for another 10 years on average in 2050, up from 8.7 years currently; as women increasingly participate in the labour force, they are likely to work for 9 years beyond age 60 in 2050 up from the present 3.6 years (Dhillon and Ladusingh, 2013). A majority of men and an overwhelming number of women said they were working 7 The scheme, formerly known as National Old-Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS), was introduced in 1995, paid Rs.75/month to destitute elderly with no adult son.…”

Informal Sector Employment and the Health Outcomes of Older Workers in India

“…Specific social security, poverty alleviation and social welfare programs have been launched to address the challenges associated with older population’s social and health conditions. Certain policies and programs implemented by the ministries, namely, National Policy on Older Persons, National Social Assistance Programme, National Policy for Senior Citizens, Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme, and Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, have failed to offer adequate financial assistance to support the older persons’ requirements, particularly to those in unorganized working sector and below poverty line (34-36). Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana was also introduced to provide health insurance to the workforce engaged in unorganized sector but unable to perform well because it failed to capture below poverty line families, tribal blocks, and impoverished sections of the society (37-39).…”