Work Values: A Formidable Domain Within the Context of People’s Lives

Abstract

Work values occupy a specific domain within the context of people's lives. They govern the importance placed on work and work-related aspects by individuals (and groups of people) within the context of the entirety of their lives. Research on work values indicates that such values are derived from the same basic value systems which guide individuals through the various facets of their lives. As such, they are a specific subset of general life values and are influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The extant literature contends that various factors, such as demographics, nationality, organisations and occupation have a strong impact on work values. This article utilised an ethnographic approach to examine the ways in which work values can be found in the discursive attitudes and behavioural responses toward work. It explored the literature relating to work values and examined the work values of hospitality workers as a means to understanding differences and dominance in individuals' work values. It found that the work values of frontline hospitality workers are similar in terms of their attitudes to their work as providers of hospitality and stark differences emerged in relation to the work values of managers when contrasted with those of the frontline workers. Work values amongst managerial staff were not congruent. On the one hand, the managerial staff exerted work values commensurate with a higher emphasis on power and authority and a lack of consideration for social values. On the other hand, they exhibited work values indicative of a more altruistic nature. Through these findings, this study contributes to a greater understanding of work values, the meaning of work and the sustainability of working lives.

Work Values Karyawan Lembaga Filantropi ( Etnografi Pada Lembaga Filantropi Islam Di Semarang )

“…Hasil riset beberapa peneliti menunjukkan adanya perbedaan work values dalam satu industri yang sama, seperti penelitian terhadap karyawan perhotelan, hasil menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan dalam dimensi work values, ada yang menganggap pendapatan dan rekan kerja sebagai yang utama namun sebagian menganggap kenyamanan dan keamanan sebagai dimensi work values yang utama, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih meluas dengan menggunakan pendekatan etnografi, dengan pendekatan ini, dapat memberikan pemahaman tentang work values individu dan bagaimana hal ini sesuai dengan nilai-nilai kehidupan, karena pendekatan tersebut mengeksplorasi work values dengan cara yang belum pernah dicoba sehingga menambah pengetahuan dan pemahaman kita tentang konsep work values, sifat kerja dan keberlanjutan kehidupan kerja, karena work values yang dominan dapat berdampak pada lingkungan dan kehidupan kerja karyawan (Pryce, 2014).…”

Generation X and Y: Impact of Work Attitudes and Work Values on Employee Performance

“…These values emphasize on the process of work which include the intangible rewards, relevant interest in the work, the learning prospect, and being creative at work (Wijesekeraa, Jayantha, & Ramanayaka, 2016). Intrinsic or Cognitive work values are linked with psychological satisfaction like interesting, challenging and intellectual work stimulation (Pryce, 2014).…”

“…Social values refer to the social stability and the social status of an employee. Social work values concern with the relationship of employees with their supervisor, co-worker and others in the organization (Pryce, 2014).…”

“…Extrinsic or Instrumental work values are concerned with tangible aspects, like pay, benefits, annual leave and security on the job. Other work values include: social, and prestige work values (Pryce, 2014).…”

“…While prestige or altruistic value is known as the influence of an individual (Ros et al, 1999). Prestige work values refer to power, status, and influence of people (Pryce, 2014). Twenge et al (2010) determined that work values in generation X have higher extrinsic value, a relatively unchanged altruistic value; they have less social values and hold higher intrinsic values.…”