Work status, retirement, and depression in older adults: An analysis of six countries based on the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE)

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to analyse the association between the occurrence of a major depressive episode among older adults and work status in low- and medium-income countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted with people 60 years of age and older from the six countries (Mexico, India, China, Russian Federation, Ghana and South Africa) included in the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) and who participated in its first wave (2009–2010). The occurrence of a major depressive episode (MDE) over the previous 12 months was determined based on an adaptation of the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. The association between current work status and the presence of an MDE was estimated using binary logistic regression models with country-level fixed effects, and interaction terms between the country and work status. Results showed the odds of presenting an MDE were lower for older adults who were retired with a pension than for those who were currently working, although this protective association was observed only for men in China (OR=0.23; CI 95%:0.08–0.70) and Ghana (OR=0.25; CI 95%:0.07–0.95) and for women in India (OR=0.05; CI 95%:0.01–0.51) and South Africa (OR=0.19; CI 95%:0.04–0.97). For women, being a homemaker also showed a protective association in South Africa (OR=0.09; CI95%:0.01–0.66) and Mexico (OR=0.32; CI95%:0.14–0.76). In the case of being retired without a pension, no significant association was found in any country. The previous indicates that retirement with pension has a protective association with MDE only for men in China and Ghana and women in India and South Africa. The heterogeneity of this association reflects cultural and socioeconomic differences between the analysed countries.

Differences in the Potential Accessibility of Home-Based Healthcare Services among Different Groups of Older Adults: A Case from Shaanxi Province, China

“…On the study of differences of potential accessibility, some scholars believe that poor access to healthcare may be as a result of other socioeconomic conditions such as poverty and poor education, which increases the vulnerability of an older adult and likely association with depressive symptoms [18,19]. Some else believe that urban-rural differences have caused differences in the potential accessibility of healthcare services.…”

Ansiedade e depressão em pacientes com doença arterial periférica internados em hospital terciário

“…Elderly women were diagnosed with GAD and with depressive disorder more frequently, as has been detected in some previous studies. 5,14,30,31 However, Bhutani et al 32 conducted a study investigating the risk of these disorders among patients amputated because of external causes and found that elderly patients had less anxiety and depression than younger patients, since they had lower expectations and a lower probability of developing emotional disorders.…”

Estudo comparativo do perfil de idosos atendidos em um hospital terciário: ambulatório de psiquiatria geriátrica e unidade de internação psiquiátrica

“…A probabilidade de apresentar um episódio depressivo maior é menor para idosos aposentados do que para aqueles que estão trabalhando. 24 O fato de estar aposentado melhora a qualidade de vida, principalmente no que diz respeito a condição socioeconômica, possibilitando, por exemplo, acesso a melhores condições de saúde. 25 Cerca de dois terços do grupo de indivíduos atendidos no ambulatório eram aposentados, sendo significativamente maior do que o grupo advindo da internação.…”