Work-Leisure Relations: Leisure Orientation and the Meaning of Work

Snir, Raphael; Harpaz, Itzhak

doi:10.1080/00222216.2002.11949968

Cited by 118 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…High work centrality is described as a belief that work is more important than the areas of family, leisure time, religion, and community. Although high work centrality is likely to be assessed as commitment to work, it might also be related to reduced leisure activities, work overload, and health problems 19,20,30) . Job satisfaction is important for health.…”

Section: Comparisons With Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical activities are important for maintaining good health and there is a consistent association between physical activities and health-related quality of life 29) . Thus, it is crucial to organise work in order to combine work and leisure activities 30) . Long working hours are characteristic for entrepreneurs 3) , and can be associated with good possibilities for development and high influence at work 12) .…”

Section: Comparisons With Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entrepreneurs' Self‐reported Health, Social Life, and Strategies for Maintaining Good Health

Gunnarsson

Josephson

2011

Journal of Occupational Health

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Entrepreneurs' Self-reported Health, Social Life, and Strategies for Maintaining Good Health: Kristina Gunnarsson, et al. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden-Objectives: This study investigated the association between self-reported good health and self-valued good social life. An additional aim was to examine entrepreneur's strategies for maintaining good health. Methods: The study design included a two-wave questionnaire, with five years between the surveys (2001 and 2006), and qualitative interviews. The study group consisted of 246 entrepreneurs from the central region of Sweden and represented ten different trades. Entrepreneurs reporting good health in both 2001 and 2006 were compared with entrepreneurs reporting poor health on both occasions or with inconsistent answers. Six of the entrepreneurs were strategically chosen for the interview study. Results: Consistent good health was reported by 56% of the entrepreneurs. Good social life in 2001 was associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) for consistent good health when the analyses were adjusted for physical work conditions and job satisfaction (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.07-4.17). Findings for good leisure time, weekly moderate physical exercise, and a rating of work being less or equally important as other life areas, were similar but not statistically significant when job satisfaction was considered in the analyses. Strategies for maintaining good health included good planning and control over work, flexibility at work, good social contact with family, friends and other entrepreneurs, and regular physical exercise. Conclusion: This study demonstrated an association between self-reported good health and good social life for entrepreneurs in small-scale enterprises. In addition, the entrepreneurs emphasised strategies such as planning and control over work and physical exercise are important for maintaining good health. (J Occup Health 2011; 53: 205-213)

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Section: Comparisons With Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparisons With Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurs' Self‐reported Health, Social Life, and Strategies for Maintaining Good Health

Gunnarsson

Josephson

2011

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…For example, there are some interesting taxonomies based on the orientation of the individual toward leisure in general (Snir and Harpaz 2002); personal values, personality, and lifestyle (Lanzendorf 2002;Madrigal 1995;McGuiggan 2000); or the purchase of leisure activities (Reid and Crompton 1993). A number of studies classify leisure activities themselves, based on the nature of the activity (Passmore and French 2001); its purpose (US DOT 2003); objective characteristics of the activity (Meurs and Kalfs 2000;Bhat and Lockwood 2004); or individual values or psychological needs (Tinsley and Eldredge 1995).…”

Section: Definitions Of Leisure and Classifications Of Leisure Activimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many studies, discretionary purposes account for a third to a half of total personal travel (Anable 2002;ECMT 2000;Götz et al 2002). There seems to be growth not only in the importance that people place on leisure (e.g., Snir and Harpaz 2002) and in the amount of time devoted to leisure related activities, but also in their diversity of type (Heinze 2000) and spatial location (Schlich et al 2004). The European Council of Ministers of Transport (ECMT 2000, p. 182) notes that growth in leisure travel and activities can be attributed to three factors: "rising standards of living, earlier retirement and the trend towards shorter working hours."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts of Ict on leisure Activities and Travel: A Conceptual Exploration

2006

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This paper offers a conceptual exploration of the potential impacts of ICTs on leisure activities and the associated travel. We start by discussing what leisure is and is not. We point out that the boundaries between leisure, mandatory, and maintenance activities are permeable, for three reasons: the multi-attribute nature of a single activity, the sequential interleaving of activity fragments, and the simultaneous conduct of multiple activities (multitasking).We then discuss four kinds of ways by which ICT can affect leisure activities and travel: the replacement of a traditional activity with an ICT counterpart, the generation of new ICT activities (that displace other activities), the ICT-enabled reallocation of time to other activities, and ICT as a facilitator of leisure activities. We suggest 13 dimensions of leisure activities that are especially relevant to the issue of ICT impacts: location (in)dependence, mobility-based v. stationary, time (in)dependence, planning horizon, temporal structure and fragmentation, possible multitasking, solitary v. social activity, active v. passive participation, physical v. mental, equipment/media (in)dependence, informal v. formal arrangements required, motivation, and cost.The primary impact of ICT on leisure is to expand an individual's choice set; however whether or not the new options will be chosen depends on the attributes of the activity (such as the 13 identified dimensions), as well as those of the individual. The potential transportation impacts when the new options are chosen are ambiguous.

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“…A third option has also been suggested in which work and leisure are independent of each other and this is typically referred to as the segmentation model (Snir and Harpaz 2002;Kirkcaldy and Cooper 1993). While the debate continues over which of these models best explains leisure choices (Snir and Harpaz 2002), reviews consistently find evidence that all three models exist but for different types of people (Near et al 1980). This research suggests that tourists who seek 'high-touch' experiences may be either 'luddites' or compensating for a high-tech work place.…”

Section: Tourism and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

High Tech versus High Touch: Visitor Responses to the Use of Technology in Tourist Attractions

Benckendorff

Moscardo

Murphy

2005

Tourism Recreation Research

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There are a number of current debates in the academic and management literature about the benefits and costs of introducing technology into tourist experiences. The debate is an important one for those who manage tourist attractions when making decisions about which directions to take in the development of visitor experiences. A review of the relevant literature in tourism suggests that very little attention has been paid to tourists' perceptions of, and interest in, the use of technology to create and enhance their experiences. This study sought to address this gap by surveying visitors to an Australian aquarium and asking them about their support for the adoption of various forms of exhibits. The results indicated that tourists can be grouped according to their support for the use of technology in visitor experiences and their levels of use of technology in general. A general model of tourist technology adoption is proposed and explored and implications of the results are discussed both for tourist attraction management and for future research into this phenomenon.Keywords: cyber-tourism, high-touch/high-tech, attractions, market segments. Tourism and TechnologyThe increasing availability and flexibility of many forms of technology offers a range of both opportunities and challenges in many sectors including tourism. Technology is frequently described as a key driver for increasing the mobility of tourists, and therefore, for sustaining the growth of the tourism industry (Rayman-Bacchus and Molina 2001;Chon and Singh 1995;Laws et al. 1998; Moscardo et ai. 2000). Research on tourism and technology to date, however, has focussed almost exclusively on three areas: (1) information technologies; (2) the Internet; and (3) virtual reality. Stipanuk (1993), however, has provided a more holistic framework to illustrate the roles of technology in tourism. These roles included technology as a: Following Stipanuk, most research dealing with information technology and the Internet would fall into the category of 'technology as a tool of the tourism industry'. Stipanuk (1993: 267) maintained that 'there is clearly a need for a view of technology and tourism which is broader than that developed in the existing literature.' He suggested that this view should consider technological issues related to the tourism industry and the tourist, and should recognize the role of technology in the creation of tourist attractions. While this proposition is now more than a decade old, very few researchers have explored technology and tourism from this more holistic perspective. The present study aims to address this gap by exploring visitor perceptions of technology use in a regional tourist attraction.In the broader tourism literature, Sheldon (1997) has considered the role of technology in tourism in her discussion of 'high-tech' and 'high-touch' visitors. Sheldon (1997) suggested two polar responses to technology, using a hightech/high-touch paradigm. She proposed that some PIERRE BENCKENDORFF is Lecturer in Tourism Programme at

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Work-Leisure Relations: Leisure Orientation and the Meaning of Work

Cited by 118 publications

References 46 publications

Entrepreneurs' Self‐reported Health, Social Life, and Strategies for Maintaining Good Health

Entrepreneurs' Self‐reported Health, Social Life, and Strategies for Maintaining Good Health

The Impacts of Ict on leisure Activities and Travel: A Conceptual Exploration

High Tech versus High Touch: Visitor Responses to the Use of Technology in Tourist Attractions

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