Work hardening of metals

Clarebrough, L. M.; Hargreaves, Mark

doi:10.1016/0502-8205(59)90013-9

Cited by 89 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…¥ÂÎÇÇ, ÐÇÑÃØÑAEËÏÑ ÖÚÇÔÕß, ÚÕÑ ÒÑ ÏÇÓÇ ÖÏÇÐßÛÇÐËâ ÔÇÚÇÐËâ ÍÓËÔÕÂÎÎÂ ÄÑÊÓÂÔÕÂÇÕ ÑÕÐÑÔËÕÇÎßÐÞÌ ÄÍÎÂAE ÒÑÄÇÓØÐÑÔÕÐÞØ AEËÔÎÑÍÂÙËÑÐÐÞØ ËÔÕÑÚÐËÍÑÄ Ô ÒÎÑÕÐÑ-ÔÕßá n S Ä ÑÃÜÖá ÒÎÑÕÐÑÔÕß ËÔÕÑÚÐËÍÑÄ AEËÔÎÑÍÂÙËÌ Ä ÍÓËÔÕÂÎÎÇ [177]: [177]: [38,40,200,201,209], ÖÍÂÊÞÄÂáÜÇÌ ÐÂ ÍÑÑÒÇÓÂÕËÄÐÞÌ (×ÓÂÍÕÂÎßÐÞÌ [206,207], ÔÂÏÑÒÑAEÑÃÐÞÌ [208]) ØÂÓÂÍÕÇÓ ÓÂÊÄËÕËâ ÒÎÂÔÕËÚÇÔÍÑÌ AEÇ×ÑÓÏÂÙËË Ä ÒÑÒÇÓÇÚÐÑÏ Í ÑÔÐÑÄÐÑÌ ÒÎÑÔÍÑÔÕË ÔÍÑÎßÉÇÐËâ AEËÔÎÑÍÂ-ÙËÌ ÐÂÒÓÂÄÎÇÐËË.…”

Section: 1°ôðñäðþç öóâäðçðëâmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dislocation self-organization processes and crystal plasticity

Malygin¹

1999

Usp. Fiz. Nauk

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±ÓÇÑÃÓÂÊÖâ ÕÓÑÌÐÑÇ ÄÇÍÕÑÓÐÑÇ ÒÓÑËÊÄÇAEÇÐËÇ, ÒÑÎÖ-ÚÂÇÏ ÖÓÂÄÐÇÐËÇ ÔÑØÓÂÐÇÐËâ ÒÎÑÕÐÑÔÕË ÑÓËÇÐÕËÓÑÄÂÐÐÑÌ ÎËÐËË AEËÔÎÑÍÂÙËË, ÔÑÔÕÑâÜÇÇ ËÊ ÒÇÓÇÐÑÔÐÑÌ Ë ÐÇÑAEÐÑ-ÓÑAEÐÑÌ ÚÂÔÕÇÌ: ¥ÂÎÇÇ, ÖÏÐÑÉÂâ ÖÓÂÄÐÇÐËÇ (2.8) ÔÒÓÂÄÂ ÔÍÂÎâÓÐÑ ÐÂ ÑÓÕ ÍÂÔÂÕÇÎßÐÑÌ Í ÎËÐËË AEËÔÎÑÍÂÙËË m , ÒÑÎÖÚÂÇÏ ÏËÍÓÑ-ÔÍÑÒËÚÇÔÍÑÇ ÖÓÂÄÐÇÐËÇ AEÎâ ÐÇÑÓËÇÐÕËÓÑÄÂÐÐÑÌ ÎËÐËË AEËÔÎÑÍÂÙËË, Õ.Ç. AEÎâ ÇÇ AEÎËÐÞ (ÔÍÂÎâÓÐÑÌ ÒÎÑÕÐÑÔÕË AEËÔÎÑÍÂÙËË): ±²°¸¦³³½ ³¡®°°²¤¡¯ª©¡¸ªª ¥ª³°¬¡¸ª« ª ±¡³´ª¹¯°³´¾ ¬²ª³´¡°£

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Section: 1°ôðñäðþç öóâäðçðëâmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dislocation self-organization processes and crystal plasticity

Malygin¹

1999

Usp. Fiz. Nauk

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“…room) temperatures are more dense. It is well established that the transition from easy glide to stage II begins increasingly early at such temperatures [6]. The transition is brought about by the observed onset of extensive secondary glide, the dislocations of which form forest obstacles to the primary glide dislocations and so increase the coefficient of strain hardening from its low stage I value to the high stage II one.…”

Section: A Forest Theory Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain hardening at different temperatures

Cottrell

2009

Philosophical Magazine Letters

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The independence of temperature shown by the strain hardening coefficient of face centred cubic metals appears to be at variance with several other features of this strain hardening that depend on temperature. However, on the forest theory of this hardening, thermal activation is expected to have opposite effects on two underlying aspects. First, it reduces the applied stress required to enable glide dislocations to cut through forest obstacles. Second, it increases the density of the secondary dislocations that form these obstacles so that the forest becomes harder to penetrate. The problemThe coefficient of strain hardening, d/d, where and are shear stress and strain, respectively, of a Face Centred Cubic (FCC) metal crystal, in stage II, has a value of about /300, where is the shear modulus, observed to be independent of the temperature of straining, at least over a wide low-temperature range, e.g. [1]. It is often supposed that this indicates that in this stage the hardening is athermal, for example, due to long-range elastic interactions between glide dislocations. But the effect is surprising because several other features of such strain hardening show clear temperature dependencies. Thus, the flow stress for a given dislocated state falls with rising temperature, e.g. by about a third for aluminium, from zero to room temperature, and the temperature-dependent part of this stress remains strictly proportional to the total flow stress over a wide range of strains. Again, stage III of the hardening, sets in increasingly early at higher temperatures. From these thermal dependencies it might be expected that, by first straining at a low temperature and then warming up so as to reduce the flow stress, a lower rate of strain hardening would be found at this higher temperature. However, this argument is wrong because it has been shown that the sequence of strain hardened states (i.e. dislocation structures) is unique for each temperature and cannot be obtained from any other temperature (assuming, which we shall do throughout, that the strain rate is constant) [2], although this uniqueness makes the constancy of /300 at various temperatures even more surprising.

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“…Perhaps the same effect occurs beyond the minimum in the £, vs p curve, due to the hardening effect of the dislocations, I o ^ which now act as forest dislocations. This effect has been explained (Clarebrough and Hargreaves (1959)) by assuming that due to the hardening the critical resolved shear stress for dislocation motion on large scale in the primary and secondary slip systems increase proportionally, which, for equal 9, should lead to an increase of E.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Garstone et.al. (1956) and Clarebrough and Hargreaves (1959)) that hardening of the crystal by increasing impurity concentration or by decreasing the temperature results in a larger extent of easy 120 glide. Perhaps the same effect occurs beyond the minimum in the £, vs p curve, due to the hardening effect of the dislocations, I o ^ which now act as forest dislocations.…”

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confidence: 99%