“…As already mentioned, confirmation, of the capacitance-voltage data and the conclusions drawn from it, require independent data extraction techniques which can yield information on the chemical identity of the impurities and the imperfections present in the entire gate stack and the different (fixed and trap) charges, their energy levels, and location inside the gate stack. Figure 11 (29) presents SIMS data, which is of considerable value in analyzing various interpretations of the flat-band voltage shift. In Fig.…”