Work–family conflict among female teachers

The Determinants of Teachers’ Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Mental Fatigue

“…In fact, many female teachers attribute importance to their work role as well as to their family role, and they share certain work/family confl ict issues with other women professionals. For example, CINAMON and RICH (2005) showed that the combination of being a teacher and a mother is not easy for teachers, and they report being forced into 'triple-shifts' of work consisting of teaching, housework, and childcare. Other researches have reported that teachers reveal very stressful aspects of fi lling family and professional roles concurrently, especially the chronic lack of energy necessary to care for one's own children and to be a good teacher.…”

“…Specifi cally, we included three job demands that have been identifi ed as important causes of psychological stress among teachers: 1) workload (KYRIACOU 2001); 2) inequity (HORN et al 1999); and 3) work-family confl ict (CINAMON & RICH 2005).…”

“…Many people believe that teaching is a profession that enables teachers to meet their work obligations without major interruptions from the family while maintaining a home that functions smoothly without signifi cant disruptions by job demands (CINAMON & RICH 2005). However, some studies that have examined the assumption regarding the ease with which teachers blend family and professional roles have reported unexpected results (BIKLEN 1995).…”

Role identity salience and boundary permeability preferences: An examination of enactment and protection effects

“…Therefore, we conducted post-hoc cluster analysis to explore whether patterns of identity salience across all three roles relate to boundary permeability preferences. Cluster analysis is used to place elements (individuals, groups, or organizations) into clusters to maximize similarity to other elements in the cluster and to maximize differences between elements in other clusters (Eshghi, Haughton, , and clusters of individual importance attributed to work and family roles (Cinamon & Rich, 2002;Cinamon & Rich, 2005). We used SPSS version 22 to conduct two-step cluster analysis, an exploratory technique that has been widely applied in diverse disciplines for its ability to partition (Okazaki, 2006) and handle large datasets (Norusis, 2003).…”

When Teachers Become Parents: Parenthood Influence on Greek Teachers’ Professional Lives

“…On the contrary, in some cases, it seems that parenthood strengthened teachers' willingness to face professional challenges, although mild feelings of 'remorse' can be detected in the interviews of parents who felt obliged to explain that they did not set back their professional ambitions after parenthood because such a passive stance would make them unhappy and "a child would not be happy having an unhappy parent". It is also interesting, though not incomprehensible, the fact that both male and female reviewees believe that it is more difficult for women to retain a balance between professional advancement and family duties (Acker, 1992;Casey, 1990;Cinamon & Rich, 2005). It seems, in fact, to be a plain description of Greek social reality, where women seemingly have the same professional rights and opportunities as their male colleagues do, although, in practice, the double role of being a parent and a professional at the same time hinders women more than men (Hewlett, 2002;Mason & Mason-Ekman, 2007) due to the obstructive combination of existing social stereotypes and the lack of institutional support to motherhood (insufficient number of public nursery schools and kindergartens, insufficient children and parent health care, low family allowances, insufficient teacher salary and so on) (Hargreaves, 1994;Johnston et al, 1999).…”