“…As part of a 'modernist' movement, manufacturers promoted consumerism along with the 'liberatory possibilities of a technologically transformed social and political order' (Frost 1993, p. 111). During this period, selling appliances to the mass market meant positioning them as essential, practical things, rather than luxuries -as part of a normal standard of living that should be available to all classes (Clarke 2012). As such, they were necessary tools, not frivolous toys (Pantzar 2003).…”