Work Characteristics as Predictors of Correctional Supervisors’ Health Outcomes

Buden, Jennifer C.; Dugan, Alicia G.; Namazi, Sara; Huedo‐Medina, Tania B.; Cherniack, Martin G.; Faghri, Pouran D.

doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000843

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…A similar number of items (20%) was created by the Design Team to assess the exposure to and effect of trauma experienced at work (they were especially interested in the effect of suicide exposure). They also created survey measures to assess whether supervisors were aware of the adverse effect of excessive overtime hours on physical health and sleep, or if they recognized that a lack of nonwork free time can result in poorer well‐being due to reduced participation in healthy activities and family life 102,103 . Other created measures assessed supervisor motivations behind voluntary overtime behavior and the extent to which supervisors delayed prioritizing their health until after they retire, a common DOC sentiment 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participatory survey design of a workforce health needs assessment for correctional supervisors

Dugan

Namazi

Cavallari

et al. 2021

American J Industrial Med

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Introduction The correctional workforce experiences persistent health problems, and interventions designed with worker participation show favorable outcomes. However, participatory intervention research often leaves workers out of the health needs assessment, the basis of interventions subsequently developed. This omission risks failure to detect factors contributing to the health and is less likely to result in primary prevention interventions. Methods Partnering with a correctional supervisors' union, we followed Schulz and colleagues' community‐based participatory research (CBPR) methods for participatory survey design and used Healthy Workplace Participatory Program (HWPP) tools to develop a tailored survey to assess workforce health and contributing factors. Utilizing the HWPP Focus Group Guide, we generated key themes to adapt the HWPP All Employee Survey, a generic workforce health assessment, to become thorough and contextually‐relevant for correctional supervisors. Results Content analysis of focus group data revealed 12 priority health concerns and contributors, including organizational culture, masculinity, work‐family conflict, family support, trauma, positive job aspects, health literacy and efficacy, health/risk behaviors, sleep, obesity, and prioritizing work and income over health. Twenty‐six measures were added to the generic survey, mainly health‐related antecedents including knowledge, attitudes, norms, and motivation. Conclusion Findings yielded new insights about supervisors' lived experiences of work and health, and resulted in a customized workforce survey. CBPR methods and HWPP tools allowed us to identify health issues that we would not have detected with conventional methods, and provide opportunities for interventions that address root causes of poor health. We share challenges faced and lessons learned using CBPR with the correctional workforce.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participatory survey design of a workforce health needs assessment for correctional supervisors

Dugan

Namazi

Cavallari

et al. 2021

American J Industrial Med

Self Cite

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“…For example, the organizational structure and climate of correctional facilities have a consistent relationship with CO job stress and burnout [ 29 – 31 ]. Burnout, in turn, is related to numerous health outcomes among COs, including poor nutrition, physical inactivity, sleep duration, sleep quality, diabetes, and anxiety/depression [ 32 ], which may place people at greater risk for COVID-19 complications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of COVID-19 infection among prison staff in the United States

2021

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Background Multiple large outbreaks of COVID-19 have been documented in prisons and jails across regions of the world, with hazardous environmental conditions amplify the risks of exposure for both incarcerated people and correctional staff. The objectives of this study are to estimate the cumulative prevalence of COVID-19 cases among U.S. prison staff over time and compare it to the prison inmate population and the general U.S. population, overall, and to examine risk of COVID-19 infection among prison staff across jurisdictions. Methods We use publicly available data (April 22, 2020 to January 15, 2021) to estimate COVID-19 crude case rates per 1000 with 95% confidence intervals over the study period for prison staff, incarcerated population, and general population. We also compare COVID-19 case rates between prison staff and the general population within jurisdictions. Results Over the study period, prison staff have reported consistently higher rates of COVID-19 compared to the general population, with prison staff case rates more closely mirroring the incarcerated population case rates. The rolling 7-day average case rates for prison staff, prison population, and general population on January 15, 2021 were 196.04 per 1000 (95%CI 194.81, 197.26), 219.16 (95%CI 218.45, 219.86), and 69.80 (95%CI 69.78, 69.83), respectively. There was substantial heterogeneity across jurisdictions, yet in 87% of study jurisdictions, the risk of COVID-19 was significantly greater among prison staff than the general state population. Conclusions Targeting staff for COVID-19 mitigation strategies is essential to protect the health of people who intersect with the correctional system and to flatten the curve in the surrounding communities.

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“…Long working hours as well as precarious working conditions are associated with depression [ 17 , 18 ]. Those who report being bullied at work experience greater depressive symptoms [ 19 , 20 ], absence from work [ 21 ] and higher levels of stress and anxiety [ 22 , 23 ]. Racial discrimination at work has also been linked to mental health effects, with the risk of common mental disorders found to be doubled among those experiencing unfair treatment at work due to their race or ethnicity [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace psychosocial stressors experienced by migrant workers in Australia: A cross-sectional study

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveTo explore work-related psychosocial stressors among people of Chinese, Vietnamese and Arabic-speaking backgrounds currently working in Australia.MethodsIn 2015, a telephone survey of 585 Vietnamese, Chinese and Arabic-speaking workers asked about workplace bullying, ethnic discrimination, job complexity, degree of control, security and fairness of payment along with demographic and employment information. Estimates of job-related psychosocial stressors were derived and regression analyses used to identify significant associations.ResultsAt least one workplace stressor was reported by 83% of the workers in the study. Education was significantly associated with experiencing any psychosocial stressor and also with the total number of stressors. Workers aged 45 years and older were more likely to be bullied or experience racial discrimination compared with younger workers of any ethnicity. There was a greater likelihood of reporting low control over a job when the interview was conducted in a language other than English and the workers were either Chinese or Arabic. Workers on a fixed-term contract, independent of ethnicity were more likely to report a job with low security. Overall psychosocial job quality decreased with education and was associated with occupation type which interacted with ethnicity and gender.ConclusionsThe results suggest that job-related psychosocial stressors are widespread but not uniform across ethnic groups. Further research into what drives differences in work experience for migrant groups would provide information to guide both employers and migrants in ways to reduce workplace psychosocial stressors.

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Work Characteristics as Predictors of Correctional Supervisors’ Health Outcomes

Cited by 23 publications

References 87 publications

Participatory survey design of a workforce health needs assessment for correctional supervisors

Participatory survey design of a workforce health needs assessment for correctional supervisors

Risk of COVID-19 infection among prison staff in the United States

Workplace psychosocial stressors experienced by migrant workers in Australia: A cross-sectional study

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