Word Onset Gating and Linguistic Context in Spoken Word Recognition by Young and Elderly Adults

Wingfield, Arthur; Aberdeen, John S.; Stine, Elizabeth A. L.

doi:10.1093/geronj/46.3.p127

Cited by 110 publications

(95 citation statements)

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“…First, older listeners, in general, are better able to use contextual cues to predict the final word in the sentence. This is consistent with a number of other studies demonstrating equivalent or better use of supporting linguistic context by older listeners relative to young listeners (e.g., Wingfield et al, 1991Wingfield et al, , 1994Pichora-Fuller et al, 1995;Humes et al, 2007). Second, older listeners perform worse when the task demands impose a relatively higher cognitive load (i.e., repeating several elements in a sentence versus repeating a single word).…”

Section: A Age Differences For Processing Words and Sentences In Noisesupporting

confidence: 90%

The relative importance of consonant and vowel segments to the recognition of words and sentences: Effects of age and hearing loss

Fogerty

Kewley‐Port

Humes

2012

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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This study investigated the ability to use cues contained within vowel and consonant segments by older listeners with normal or impaired hearing. Spectral shaping restored audibility for the hearingimpaired group. Word and sentence materials were processed to contain primarily consonants or vowels by replacing segments with low-level speech-shaped noise. The proportion of the total duration of preserved speech was varied by manipulating the amount of transitional information contained within vowel and consonant segments. Older listeners performed more poorly than young listeners on all conditions except when listening to sentences with only the vowels preserved. Results confirmed a greater contribution to intelligibility of vowel segments in sentences, but not in words, for young normal-hearing, older normal-hearing, and older hearing-impaired listeners. Older listeners received a greater benefit than young listeners from vowels presented in a sentence context. Correlation analyses among the older listeners demonstrated an association between consonant and vowel performance in isolated words but not in sentences. In addition, the use of vowel cues in sentences was relatively independent of age and auditory sensitivity when audibility is ensured. Combined, results argue that older listeners are able to use essential cues carried by vowels for sentence intelligibility.

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Section: A Age Differences For Processing Words and Sentences In Noisesupporting

confidence: 90%

The relative importance of consonant and vowel segments to the recognition of words and sentences: Effects of age and hearing loss

Fogerty

Kewley‐Port

Humes

2012

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…The reduced context benefit was evidenced by three findings: (1) compared to the normal-hearing young adults, the young adults in whom we simulated a hearing impairment benefited less from context; (2) the older participants benefited less from context than the young normal-hearing adults; and (3) among the older listeners, we found that the more hearing-impaired participants were, the less benefit they gained from context. These context findings complement the robust finding of older listeners' increased reliance on semantic context (Nittrouer & Boothroyd, 1990;Pichora-Fuller et al, 1995;Sheldon, Pichora-Fuller, & Schneider, 2008;Sommers & Danielson, 1999;Wingfield, Aberdeen, & Stine, 1991). In most of these semantic context studies, standardised Sentence-Perception-In-Noise materials (SPIN-R) were used in which the sentence-final word is either highly predictable from the preceding semantic context, or has a low predictability (Bilger, Neutzel, & Rzeczowski, 1984;Kalikow, Stevens, & Elliott, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

The roles of bottom-up and top-down information in the recognition of reduced speech: Evidence from listeners with normal and impaired hearing

Janse

Ernestus

2011

Journal of Phonetics

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a b s t r a c tHighly reduced pronunciation variants, such as something like 'yeshay' for yesterday, are abundant in conversational speech. Previous research has shown that listeners understand such pronunciation variants only in their sentential contexts. This study further investigates the roles of the acoustic properties of reduced words themselves and of semantic/syntactic and acoustic information in their contexts. We report five experiments in which participants were tested on the recognition of reduced words originating from a corpus of conversational Dutch. Experiment 1, a visual cloze test, demonstrates that our set of reduced words cannot be guessed just on the basis of their semantic/syntactic context. Experiment 2 replicates the earlier finding that reduced words can only be recognised in their contexts. Experiment 3 shows that the reduced words were less well recognised if the context is presented visually in the form of orthographic transcriptions. These experiments suggest that listeners need some acoustic properties of reduced words themselves, together with semantic/syntactic and acoustic information in their contexts, to recognise reduced words. Experiments 4 and 5 confirm the importance of acoustic information for word recognition by showing that high-frequency hearing loss hinders both the interpretation of the target words' acoustic properties, and the use of neighbouring context.

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“…For instance, Wingfield et al ͑1991͒ examined the ability of young and elderly listeners to recognize words increased in word-onset duration ͑"gated" words͒. They found that both groups need 50% to 60% of the word-onset information to recognize the "gated" words without context, but only 20% to 30% when the words are embedded in sentence context.…”

Section: B Effect Of Linguistic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing recognition of interrupted speech

Wang

Humes

2010

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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This study examined the effect of interruption parameters ͑e.g., interruption rate, on-duration and proportion͒, linguistic factors, and other general factors, on the recognition of interrupted consonant-vowel-consonant ͑CVC͒ words in quiet. Sixty-two young adults with normal-hearing were randomly assigned to one of three test groups, "male65," "female65" and "male85," that differed in talker ͑male/female͒ and presentation level ͑65/85 dB SPL͒, with about 20 subjects per group. A total of 13 stimulus conditions, representing different interruption patterns within the words ͑i.e., various combinations of three interruption parameters͒, in combination with two values ͑easy and hard͒ of lexical difficulty were examined ͑i.e., 13ϫ 2 = 26 test conditions͒ within each group. Results showed that, overall, the proportion of speech and lexical difficulty had major effects on the integration and recognition of interrupted CVC words, while the other variables had small effects. Interactions between interruption parameters and linguistic factors were observed: to reach the same degree of word-recognition performance, less acoustic information was required for lexically easy words than hard words. Implications of the findings of the current study for models of the temporal integration of speech are discussed.

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Word Onset Gating and Linguistic Context in Spoken Word Recognition by Young and Elderly Adults

Cited by 110 publications

References 0 publications

The relative importance of consonant and vowel segments to the recognition of words and sentences: Effects of age and hearing loss

The relative importance of consonant and vowel segments to the recognition of words and sentences: Effects of age and hearing loss

The roles of bottom-up and top-down information in the recognition of reduced speech: Evidence from listeners with normal and impaired hearing

Factors influencing recognition of interrupted speech

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