Word Length, Word Frequencies and Zipf’s Law in the Greek Language

Hatzigeorgiu, Nick; Mikros, George K.; Carayannis, G.

doi:10.1076/jqul.8.3.175.4096

Cited by 46 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Hatzigeorgiu, Mikros, & Carayannis, 2001;Riedemann, 1996;Ziegler, 2000). Esta situação refl ecte de algum modo o facto de o Português ser uma língua sintética, morfologicamente rica, na qual novas palavras podem ser formadas mediante a junção de morfemas já existentes por prefi xação e/ou sufi xação, como em "en-trincheira-mento" (derivação) ou "cant-á-va-mos" (fl exão), ou mediante a junção de palavras ou radicais (composição), como "malmequer".…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Procura-PALavras (P-Pal): uma nova medida de frequência lexical do português europeu contemporâneo

Soares¹,

Iriarte²,

Almeida³

et al. 2014

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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ResumoNeste trabalho apresentamos as estratégias e os procedimentos adoptados na constituição de uma nova medida de frequência lexical do Português Europeu contemporâneo, o Procura-PALavras (P--PAL). Baseado num corpus de mais de 227 milhões de palavras, o P-PAL é uma aplicação web que oferece, por defeito, valores de frequência lexical para todas as suas entradas lexicais (lemas e formas) e que permite a computação de uma grande diversidade de outras medidas objectivas (lexicais e sublexicais) e subjectivas. Descrevemos ainda o processo de defi nição das suas entradas lexicais e da extracção dos respectivos valores de frequência. O elevado número de índices e de entradas lexicais tornam o P-PAL numa aplicação web avançada e indispensável à promoção e internacionalização da investigação em Portugal. O P-PAL encontra-se disponível em http://p-pal.di.uminho.pt/tools Palavras-chave: Frequência lexical, bases lexicais, corpus/corpora, português europeu. AbstractIn this paper we present the strategies and procedures undertaken in the development of a new measure of lexical frequency of the contemporary European Portuguese -Procura-PALavras (P-PAL). Based on a corpus of over 227 million words, P-PAL offers the default frequency per million words (lemmas and wordforms), and the computation of several other objective (lexical and sublexical) and subjective word metrics. We also describe lexical entry integration and word frequency extraction. The high number of indices and lexical entries makes P-PAL an advanced and indispensable web application for the promotion and internationalization of Portuguese research. P-PAL is available at http://p-pal.di.uminho.pt/tools

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Procura-PALavras (P-Pal): uma nova medida de frequência lexical do português europeu contemporâneo

Soares¹,

Iriarte²,

Almeida³

et al. 2014

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, in order for learners to successfully acquire all rankings associated with 24, they would have to be exposed to words that are six syllables or longer. A survey of text corpora from 102 languages reveals that this situation is, on average, unrealistic: long words are infrequent (on the distribution of word lengths, see also Hatzigeorgiu et al 2001, Sigurd et al 2004, Piantadosi et al 2011, Kalimeri et al 2015. The results of this word-length study are presented in Figure 1: each thin gray line represents the frequency distribution of an individual language, while the thicker black line represents the median values.…”

Section: Modeling Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learnability Shapes Typology: The Case of the Midpoint Pathology

Stanton¹

2016

Language

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The midpoint pathology (in the sense of Kager 2012) characterizes a type of unattested stress system in which the stressable window contracts to a single word-internal syllable in some words, but not others. Kager (2012) shows that the pathology is a prediction of analyses employing contextual lapse constraints (e.g. *ExtLapseR; no 000 strings at the right edge) and argues that the only way to avoid it is to eliminate these constraints from Con. This article explores an alternative: that systems exhibiting the midpoint pathology are unattested not because the constraints that would generate them are absent from Con, but because they are difficult to learn. This study belongs to a growing body of work exploring the idea that phonological typology is shaped by considerations of learnability.* Keywords: learnability, phonology, stress, typology 1. Introduction. One of the goals of linguistic research is to construct theories that make the right typological predictions: theories that predict the existence of all and only those patterns attested in the world's languages. In constraint-based theories of phonology, such as optimality theory (OT; Prince & Smolensky 2004), the typological predictions of a constraint set can be evaluated by exploring its factorial typology. The notion of factorial typology is grounded in the classical assumption that the set of constraints (Con) is universal, but constraint rankings are language-specific. If all constraints are freely rankable, then the set of systems predicted by a given constraint set, its factorial typology, is equivalent to the set of systems generated by each possible ranking of constraints.When evaluating a factorial typology, there are at least two important questions that the analyst must ask. First, does the predicted typology undergenerate: does it fail to predict certain attested patterns? Second, does the predicted typology overgenerate: does it fail to predict only the attested patterns? Undergeneration is typically viewed as a serious problem, since we want our theories to be able to account for the full range of linguistic variation. Thus the usual response to undergeneration is to modify the contents or the structure of Con, with the goal of including all attested patterns in the predicted typology. The response to overgeneration, however, is more nuanced. Because there are multiple reasons why a proposal might overgenerate, there are multiple possible responses.One common response to overgeneration is to take a closer look at Con and propose modifications that exclude the predicted but unattested patterns from the factorial typology. These strategies can be roughly divided into two groups. Some researchers dispute the idea that all constraints are freely rankable and propose that, in order to model typological generalizations, certain constraint rankings must be universal and therefore immutable (see e.g. Prince & Smolensky 2004 on fixed rankings for peak and margin hierarchies, Steriade 2001 on fixed rankings of correspondence constraints). Others focus ...

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“…Comparison of different truly human languages arising from apparently different origins or containing different signs has also been made, e.g. beside english, one can find references about greek [20,21,22], turkish [23], chinese [24], ... "Linguistic time series" have often studied at a letter or word level [25,26,27,28] or as in Montemurro and Pury [27,28] at a frequency mapping, similar though not identical to the one described below. Others have considered Zipf law(s) at the sentence level [29,30], -a few sometimes strangely neglecting the punctuation [31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equilibrium and dynamic methods when comparing an English text and its Esperanto translation

Ausloos¹

2008

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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A comparison of two english texts from Lewis Carroll, one (Alice in wonderland), also translated into esperanto, the other (Through a looking glass) are discussed in order to observe whether natural and artificial languages significantly differ from each other. One dimensional time series like signals are constructed using only word frequencies (FTS) or word lengths (LTS). The data is studied through (i) a Zipf method for sorting out correlations in the FTS and (ii) a Grassberger-Procaccia (GP) technique based method for finding correlations in LTS. Features are compared : different power laws are observed with characteristic exponents for the ranking properties, and the phase space attractor dimensionality. The Zipf exponent can take values much less than unity (ca. 0.50 or 0.30) depending on how a sentence is defined. This non-universality is conjectured to be a measure of the author style. Moreover the attractor dimension r is a simple function of the so called phase space dimension n, i.e., r = n λ , with λ = 0.79. Such an exponent should also conjecture to be a measure of the author creativity. However, even though there are quantitative differences between the original english text and its esperanto translation, the qualitative differences are very minutes, indicating in this case a translation relatively well respecting, along our analysis lines, the content of the author writing.

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Word Length, Word Frequencies and Zipf’s Law in the Greek Language

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Procura-PALavras (P-Pal): uma nova medida de frequência lexical do português europeu contemporâneo

Procura-PALavras (P-Pal): uma nova medida de frequência lexical do português europeu contemporâneo

Learnability Shapes Typology: The Case of the Midpoint Pathology

Equilibrium and dynamic methods when comparing an English text and its Esperanto translation

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