Word fluency and brain damage

Borkowski, John G.; Benton, Arthur L.; Spreen, Otfried

doi:10.1016/0028-3932(67)90015-2

Cited by 1,176 publications

(667 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The verbal fluency task requires subjects to generate as many words as possible beginning with a specified letter during a 1-min interval (Corkin et al, 1964). Equivalent versions of this task were administered on the 3 test days using letters equated for frequency in English (Borkowski et al, 1967). Working memory was assessed using a computerized working memory task for shapes analogous to the Delayed Match to Sample task (Belger et al, 1998) and is known to activate prefrontal and hippocampal regions.…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychotomimetic Effects of Intravenous Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Healthy Individuals: Implications for Psychosis

D’Souza

Perry

MacDougall

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

894

678

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Recent advances in the understanding of brain cannabinoid receptor function have renewed interest in the association between cannabinoid compounds and psychosis. In a 3-day, double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced study, the behavioral, cognitive, and endocrine effects of 0, 2.5, and 5 mg intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (D-9-THC) were characterized in 22 healthy individuals, who had been exposed to cannabis but had never been diagnosed with a cannabis abuse disorder. Prospective safety data at 1, 3, and 6 months poststudy was also collected. D-9-THC (1) produced schizophrenia-like positive and negative symptoms; (2) altered perception; (3) increased anxiety; (4) produced euphoria; (5) disrupted immediate and delayed word recall, sparing recognition recall; (6) impaired performance on tests of distractibility, verbal fluency, and working memory (7) did not impair orientation; (8) increased plasma cortisol. These data indicate that D-9-THC produces a broad range of transient symptoms, behaviors, and cognitive deficits in healthy individuals that resemble some aspects of endogenous psychoses. These data warrant further study of whether brain cannabinoid receptor function contributes to the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders.

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Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychotomimetic Effects of Intravenous Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Healthy Individuals: Implications for Psychosis

D’Souza

Perry

MacDougall

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

894

678

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Participants also completed the FAS letter fluency task in which they were asked to produce words that began with the letters F, A, and S respectively (Borkowski, Benton, & Spreen, 1967). Verbal fluency tasks were time sensitive, measuring the number of items participants named in 1 minute, and were included as a relatively rigorous measure of lexical retrieval.…”

Section: Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lexical retrieval and semantic knowledge in patients with left inferior temporal lobe lesions

Antonucci¹,

Beeson²,

Labiner³

et al. 2008

Aphasiology

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Background-It has been proposed that anomia following left inferior temporal lobe lesions may have two different underlying mechanisms with distinct neural substrates. Specifically, naming impairment following damage to more posterior regions (BA 37) has been considered to result from a disconnection between preserved semantic knowledge and phonological word forms (pure anomia), whereas anomia following damage to anterior temporal regions (BAs 38, 20/21) has been attributed to the degradation of semantic representations (semantic anomia). However, the integrity of semantic knowledge in patients with pure anomia has not been demonstrated convincingly, nor were lesions in these cases necessarily confined to BA 37. Furthermore, evidence of semantic anomia often comes from individuals with bilateral temporal lobe damage, so it is unclear whether unilateral temporal lobe lesions are sufficient to produce significant semantic impairment.

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“…Fluency tests require rapid production of variations on a theme (words beginning with the same letter or line patterns connecting dots) while avoiding repetition. We used the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (Borkowski et al, 1967) to assess verbal fluency and the Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT) (Ruff et al 1987(Ruff et al , 1994 to assess nonverbal fluency.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Functioning Early in Abstinence From Alcohol

Zinn

Stein

Swartzwelder

2004

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

108

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Background: Executive dysfunction is among the cognitive impairments that may persist after abstinence in alcohol-dependent persons. The type(s) and extent of executive dysfunction early in abstinence have not been well characterized, but they may have important implications for the evolution of behavioral treatment strategies.Methods: To determine which aspects of executive functioning were impaired in early abstinence, we administered memory and executive function tests to veterans who successively presented for treatment at an outpatient substance abuse clinic. We then compared the neuropsychological performance of these recovering alcoholics (n ϭ 27) with that of age-matched primary care outpatients (n ϭ 18). We also examined group differences in self-evaluation of cognitive decline and evaluated associations between drinking history and cognitive impairment in the index group.Results: We found that the normal and alcohol-dependent groups differed on abstract reasoning, memory discrimination, and effectiveness on timed tasks. Patients in the alcohol-dependent sample were also more likely to perceive themselves as cognitively impaired. It is interesting to note that the duration of alcohol use did not relate to neuropsychological test performance, but recent quantity consumed and days of sobriety were associated with nonverbal abstract reasoning ability.Conclusions: Executive functions are impaired early in abstinence and should, therefore, be taken into account when early behavioral treatments are being developed.

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Word fluency and brain damage

Cited by 1,176 publications

References 6 publications

The Psychotomimetic Effects of Intravenous Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Healthy Individuals: Implications for Psychosis

The Psychotomimetic Effects of Intravenous Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Healthy Individuals: Implications for Psychosis

Lexical retrieval and semantic knowledge in patients with left inferior temporal lobe lesions

Executive Functioning Early in Abstinence From Alcohol

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