Woolly Cupgrass Biology and Management

Owen, Michael D.

doi:10.31274/icm-180809-327

Cited by 9 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…The first documented occurrence of E. villosa in the United States was in the 1940s, apparently introduced from ship's ballast near Portland, Oregon (Hitchcock 1951;Owen 1990). About that time it was also reported as adventive in Colorado (Hitchcock 1951), where it was possibly an escape from forage trials.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photographs are published in Stubbendieck et al (1995) Strand and Miller (1980) reported that E. villosa was becoming a weed of economic importance in the Midwest United States and since that time it has continued to expand its range [see Kartesz (1999) and Section 4]. It is very difficult to control in agro-ecosystems and causes significant losses in field crops in the United States (Owen 1990;Hartzler 2001). In 1990 woolly cup grass was estimated to infest 7-10% of row crop acreage in Iowa (Owen 1990).…”

Section: Plants (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty years later, Strand and Miller (1980) reported that woolly cup grass had spread throughout Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota and Wisconsin and was becoming a weed of economic importance (see Section 3a). Thirty years later it was estimated to infest 7-10% of row crop acreage in Iowa (Owen 1990). …”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is very difficult to control in agro-ecosystems and causes significant losses in field crops in the United States (Owen 1990;Hartzler 2001). In 1990 woolly cup grass was estimated to infest 7-10% of row crop acreage in Iowa (Owen 1990). It is host to several fungi which are generalist pathogens of grasses (see Section 13).…”

Section: Plants (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the United States, woolly cup grass is primarily a weed of cultivated lands occurring mostly in corn-corn or cornsoybean crop rotations (Owen 1990). It will readily invade and establish in habitats adjacent to cropped land such as field edges, hedgerows, terraces and water courses (Hartzler 2001).…”

Section: Habitat (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 1. Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth

Darbyshire¹,

Wilson²,

Allison³

2003

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth. Can. J. Plant Sci. 83: 987-999. The annual grass weed Eriochloa villosa, woolly cup grass, was reported for the first time in Canada in 2000, in southwestern Quebec. It is a serious agricultural pest of field crops in the Midwest United States where it has been difficult and expensive to control. The production of stolons early in the growing season and the extensive branching of stems later in the season mean that single plants occupy and disperse seed over a large area. Cleistogamous flowers ensure good seed set, and plants produce large numbers of seeds. After an initial spring germination flush, seeds continue to germinate throughout the growing season resulting in escapes from early control measures. The large seeds can germinate and emerge under a wide range of soil temperatures and soil depths. Woolly cup grass is tolerant of many herbicides and effective control in agro-ecosystems usually depends on integrated strategies of multiple herbicide applications, cultural and mechanical methods. The above biological features and its presence in a number of bordering States suggest that the species is a potential weed hazard in southern Canada, particularly in areas of corn and soybean production in Quebec and Ontario. . L'ériochloé velue (Eriochloa villosa) est une mauvaise herbe annuelle qui a été signalée pour la première fois au Canada en 2000, dans le sud-ouest du Québec. Aux États-Unis, la plante est très nuisible aux grandes cultures dans la région du Midwest, où la lutte s'est avérée à la fois difficile et coûteuse. La croissance végétative est vigoureuse. La production des stolons, en début de saison de croissance, et la ramification des tiges, en fin de saison, assurent que chaque plante occupe, et dissémine ses graines sur, une superficie extensive. Les fleurs cléistogames assurent une bonne grenaison, et les graines sont produites en grand nombre. Il y a une poussée de germination au printemps, mais des graines continuent de germer durant toute la saison de végé-tation, ce qui permet à certains sujets d'échapper aux mesures de lutte précoces. Les graines sont grosses et peuvent germer et lever à des températures du sol et des profondeurs très diverses. La plante tolère de nombreux herbicides; pour la combattre efficacement dans les écosystèmes agricoles, il faut généralement employer des stratégies intégrées alliant les méthodes mécaniques, cultuelles à des traitements herbicides multiples et échelonnés. Étant donné les caractéristiques biologiques de l'espèce et le fait qu'elle pousse dans plusieurs États limitrophes, elle constitue sans doute un danger potentiel pour l'agriculture dans le sud du Canada, particulièrement dans les régions productrices de maïs et de soja du Québec et d'Ontario.

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Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plants (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plants (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Habitat (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 1. Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth

Darbyshire¹,

Wilson²,

Allison³

2003

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Effects of stratification, temperature, and oxygen on woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa) seed dormancy

Bello¹,

Hatterman‐Valenti²,

Owen

1998

Weed sci.

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Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of temperature, oxygen, and seed burial depth on woolly cupgrass seed dormancy. Woolly cupgrass seeds at physiological maturity are innately dormant. Stratifying these seeds at 5 C for 8 wk increased germination to greater than 90%, regardless of the germination temperature. Alternating the germination temperature hastened germination by 2 wk, while seedcoat removal hastened germination by another 4 wk. Low oxygen concentration was more detrimental to seed germination when seeds were subjected to constant temperatures in comparison to alternating temperatures. Oxygen concentration did not affect seed germination when seeds were placed in an alternating 15/25 C regime. Seed germination was approximately 15% less when seeds were stratified for 2 wk and subjected to oxygen concentrations below the ambient oxygen concentration, whereas this decrease was present only at the 8% oxygen concentration when seeds were stratified 4 wk. In the field, the stratification requirement was satisfied by early December for the study year. Seeds remaining on the soil surface overcame dormancy sooner than seeds buried 2 or 4 cm.

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Emergence characteristics of four annual weed species

Hartzler¹,

1999

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Emergence characteristics, including initial time of emergence, magnitude of emergence, and mean time of emergence, ofAmaranthus rudisSauer,Setaria faberiHerrm.,Eriochloa villosa(Thunb.) Kunth, andAbutilon theophrastiMedik. were studied in central Iowa during the first 3 yr following burial of seed collected and buried in the fall of 1994 or 1995. Although the initial emergence date varied among years, the emergence sequence among species was consistent.Eriochloa villosaand A.theophrastiwere the first species to emerge, with initial emergence occurring between April 28 and May 10. Initial emergence dates for these species were the same, except for 1995 whenA. theophrastiemerged 4 d prior toE. villosa. Amaranthus rudiswas the last species to emerge, with initial emergence ranging from 5 to 25 d afterA. theophrasti.First-year emergence in 1995 was 8% forA. theophrasti, 7% for A.rudis, 41% forE. villosa, and 33% forS. faberi, based on the number of buried seed. Proportional emergence during the first year following burial in 1996 was similar to 1995 forA. theophrastiandS. faberi, but greater emergence was observed in 1996 forE. villosaandA. rudis.During the 3 yr of both studies, cumulative emergence of the two grass species (43 to 71%) was higher than for the broadleaf species (13 to 35%). A high percentage of the total annual emergence ofE. villosaoccurred within the first 2 wk of initial emergence, whereas a high percentage ofA. rudisemergence occurred late in its emergence period. Emergence characteristics of the four species were consistent among years and seed sources.

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Woolly Cupgrass Biology and Management

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 1. Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth

The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 1. Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth

Effects of stratification, temperature, and oxygen on woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa) seed dormancy

Emergence characteristics of four annual weed species

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