Wool

Zahn, Helmut; Wortmann, Franz; Wortmann, G; Schäfer, Katharina; Hoffmann, Rainer; Finch, Robert J.

doi:10.1002/14356007.a28_395

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The matrix comprises summarily the amorphous rest of the morphological components, with the IF-associated proteins as the major component, but also including minor components of the cortex, such as the cell membrane complex, nuclear remnants, etc. 3 The matrix in the Feughelman model also includes the cuticle, which in fact forms a distinctive, ring-like, protective sheet around the fiber core, representing a maximum of about 10% by weight of the fiber. Since the proteins in the cuticle cell are amorphous, the simplifications of the Feughelman model appear well justified within a specific theoretical and experimental framework, such as that for the current investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonisothermal denaturation kinetics of human hair and the effects of oxidation

2006

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Human hair as alpha-keratin fiber exhibits a complex morphology, which for the context of this investigation is considered as a filament/matrix-composite, comprising the intermediate filaments (IF) and a variety of amorphous protein components as matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under aqueous conditions was used to analyze the denaturation of the alpha-helical material in the IFs and to assess the changes imparted by repeated, oxidative bleaching processes. The DSC curves were submitted to kinetic analysis by applying the Friedman method and assuming first order kinetics. It was found that the course of the denaturation process remains largely unchanged through oxidation, despite the fact that pronounced decreases of denaturation temperature as well as of enthalpy occur. In parallel, the reaction rate constant at the denaturation temperature, k(TD), increases with repeated treatments, that is with cumulative chemical modification. However, this effect is in fact small compared to the overall change of k(T) through the denaturation process. This leads to conclude that once the temperature rise in combination with the chemical change has induced a suitable drop of the viscosity of the matrix around the IFs, denaturation of the remaining helical material occurs along a pathway that is largely independent of temperature and of the pretreatment history. This emphasizes the kinetic control of the matrix over the denaturation process of the helical segments in the filament/matrix composite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonisothermal denaturation kinetics of human hair and the effects of oxidation

2006

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“…The sulphur content of keratin was adversely reduced after casting with acrylic into film. This might be explained by the liberation of hydrogen sulphide gas from keratin macromolecules under the influence of the alkaline medium used in the dissolution of wool .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acrylic/keratin composite of enhanced dyeability towards cationic and anionic dyes

El-Gabry

El‐Kheir

Salama

et al. 2016

Coloration Technology

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Acrylic and keratin industrial wastes were dissolved, each separately, in their respective proper solvents. The soluble keratin was regenerated into powder and then mixed with the soluble acrylic to form an acrylic/keratin composite that was finally cast into film. The topography of the acrylic/keratin film was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The chemical composition of the obtained film was assigned using elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The substantivity of the prepared acrylic/keratin film towards anionic (acid and reactive) and cationic (basic) dyes was studied. The obtained film exhibited high dyeability towards both acid and reactive dyes even at relatively low dyeing temperatures. Hydrazine hydrate was used to enhance the dyeability of the said film with acid and reactive dyes. Kinetic studies of the dyeing of the film with anionic dyes were also conducted.

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“…Setting of wool during dyeing is attributed to the ability of wool cysteinate thiol groups to undergo elimination to dehydroalanine and thiocysteine residues, which react with cysteine thiol or with lysine amino residues to give new crosslinks of greater stability than with disulphide crosslinks along the wool keratin macromolecule [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel approach for antisetting of wool fabrics during dyeing

El-Sayed

2006

Coloration Technology

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New antisetting agents are proposed for wool fabrics during dyeing at the boil, viz., dithiodipropanoic acid (DTDPA) and dithiosalicylic acid (DTSA). DTDPA was found to be better than DTSA in the protection of wool during dyeing. The effect of the addition of these reagents to the dyeing bath of wool on some of its inherent mechanical properties was assessed. A proposed mechanism of reaction between the aforementioned dithiols and wool keratin is reported.

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Wool

Abstract: The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Definition … Show more

Cited by 19 publications

References 75 publications

Nonisothermal denaturation kinetics of human hair and the effects of oxidation

Nonisothermal denaturation kinetics of human hair and the effects of oxidation

Acrylic/keratin composite of enhanced dyeability towards cationic and anionic dyes

Novel approach for antisetting of wool fabrics during dyeing

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