Wood waste utilization and associated product development from under-utilized low-quality wood and its prospects in Nepal

Pandey, Sudip

doi:10.1007/s42452-022-05061-5

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Global agricultural residues are expected to rise to around 2.2 billion tons annually by the year 2025 [4]. Additionally, the manufacture of forestry wood products can also generate a large amount of residue (e.g., bark, chips, slabs, and sawdust) [5]. The effective management of agricultural and wood residues has always been a major concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, Physical, and Chemical Properties of Mycelium-Based Composites Produced from Various Lignocellulosic Residues and Fungal Species

Aiduang

Kumla

Srinuanpan

et al. 2022

JoF

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Mycelium-based composites (MBCs) are characterized as biodegradable materials derived from fungal species. These composites can be employed across a range of industrial applications that involve the manufacturing of packaging materials as well as the manufacturing of buildings, furniture, and various other household items. However, different fungal species and substrates can directly affect the functional properties of MBCs, which ultimately vary their potential to be used in many applications. In this study, the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of MBCs made from four different fungal species (Ganoderma fornicatum, Ganoderma williamsianum, Lentinus sajor-caju, and Schizophyllum commune) combined with three different types of lignocellulosic residues (sawdust, corn husk, and rice straw) were investigated. The results indicate that differences in both the type of lignocellulosic residues and the fungal species could affect the properties of the obtained MBCs. It was found that the MBCs obtained from sawdust had the highest degree of density. Moreover, MBCs obtained from S. commune with all three types of lignocellulosic residues exhibited the highest shrinkage value. The greatest degree of water absorption was observed in the MBCs obtained from rice straw, followed by those obtained from corn husk and sawdust. Additionally, the thermal degradation ability of the MBCs was observed to be within a range of 200 to 325 °C, which was in accordance with the thermal degradation ability of each type of lignocellulosic residue. The greatest degrees of compressive, flexural, impact, and tensile strength were observed in the MBCs of G. williamsianum and L. sajor-caju. The results indicate that the MBCs made from corn husk, combined with each fungal species, exhibited the highest values of flexural, impact, and tensile strength. Subsequently, an analysis of the chemical properties indicated that the pH value, nitrogen content, and organic matter content of the obtained MBCs were within the following ranges: 4.67–6.12, 1.05–1.37%, and 70.40–86.28%, respectively. The highest degree of electrical conductivity was observed in MBCs obtained from rice straw. Most of the physical and mechanical properties of the obtained MBCs were similar to those of polyimide and polystyrene foam. Therefore, these composites could be used to further develop relevant strategies that may allow manufacturers to effectively replace polyimide and polystyrene foams in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, Physical, and Chemical Properties of Mycelium-Based Composites Produced from Various Lignocellulosic Residues and Fungal Species

Aiduang

Kumla

Srinuanpan

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…Some developed countries, such as Finland, the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States, as well as some Asian and African nations, use short and small logs from harvesting residues as a source of bioenergy (Adamczyk et al 2014;Giuntoli et al 2015;Osman et al 2014;Zamora-Cristales and Sessions 2016). In addition, forest residue can be used to produce various products, including compost and animal bedding (Pandey 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agroforestry Harvesting Residue: A Case Study in Private Forests in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia

Budiaman,

Hardjanto,

Ilham

et al. 2023

J. Sylva Lestari

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One of the wood sources in Indonesia is derived from private forests managed with agroforestry systems. The harvesting operation in these forests will produce harvesting residues. The study aimed to quantify the harvesting residue volume and to construct a prediction model for harvesting residue volume in a private forest managed with an agroforestry system. The study was conducted in a private forest managed with an agroforestry system in Probolinggo, East Java. The method employed for quantifying harvesting residue was a whole-tree method. The harvesting residue was classified into stumps, butt ends, top logs, and branches. Harvesting residues with dbh >= 4 cm were measured after harvesting. The best model was selected based on the Root Mean Squared Error and the adjusted coefficient of determination values. The number of sample trees was 31 trees, which were chosen by farmers to be felled. The study found that the harvesting residues were 6% of the total harvested volume. The harvesting residue was predominantly the stumps. The best model for estimating harvesting residue volume in agroforestry private forests was V = 0.042VolTot1.248. The study concluded that harvesting operations in private forests managed with agroforestry systems produced a small number of harvesting residues. The harvested volume was the most significant indicator for estimating the harvesting residue volume. Keywords: agroforestry, harvesting residue, private forests, predicting models

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“…4,5 Energy recovery includes incineration or pyrolysis, while material recovery mainly includes the production of composite boards or cement board. 6 In Europe, the three main treatment methods for waste wood, in order of prevalence, are disposal (37%), material recovery (33%), and energy recovery (30%). 4 The utilization of waste wood for energy conversion can provide a substitute for fossil fuels, making it more environmentally friendly and economical.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, waste wood generally contains a variety of contaminants, such as glue, varnish, paint, heavy metals, etc . This heterogeneity greatly increases the complexity of recycling process, and current waste wood management is dominated by landfilling, energy recovery, and material recovery. , Energy recovery includes incineration or pyrolysis, while material recovery mainly includes the production of composite boards or cement board . In Europe, the three main treatment methods for waste wood, in order of prevalence, are disposal (37%), material recovery (33%), and energy recovery (30%) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inventory Data for the Pyrolysis of Waste Wood

Zheng,

Lü,

Zhang

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Pyrolysis is becoming a promising technology for waste wood resource recovery. To perform a life cycle assessment (LCA) of this technology, inventory data were collected from relevant studies published in 2000−2023, which included 67 and 31 data sets for untreated wood (UW) and wood-based composites (WBC), respectively. Proximate and ultimate analyses of raw waste wood and pyrolysis products were summarized and compared. The average ash contents were 1.04% ± 0.91% for UW and 2.65% ± 3.52% for WBC, and WBC exhibited a higher nitrogen content than UW. Correlations between pyrolysis products, raw materials, and different temperatures were demonstrated. Pyrolysis yield, energy yield, and pyrolysis gas composition were statistically analyzed. The average weights of the char, gas, and liquid fractions per kilogram of input were 0.26 ± 0.10, 0.33 ± 0.16, and 0.41 ± 0.13 (kg/kg) for UW, respectively. Char yield was higher at low temperature than at high temperature, whereas gas yield was higher at high temperature and heating rate than at low temperature and heating rate. The energy yield of char and liquid was much higher than that of gas at low temperature, while the energy yield of char and gas was higher than that of liquid at high temperature. The average energy distributions at low temperatures were 44.4% ± 11.2% for char, 45.4% ± 14.4% for liquid, and 15.0% ± 10.5% for gas. Gas yield and composition varied substantially at different temperatures. Statistical analysis in terms of energy consumption was not conducted due to the lack of these data in the original references. This study provides inventory data for waste wood pyrolysis that can be employed in feasibility assessments and LCA studies.

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Wood waste utilization and associated product development from under-utilized low-quality wood and its prospects in Nepal

Cited by 27 publications

References 33 publications

Mechanical, Physical, and Chemical Properties of Mycelium-Based Composites Produced from Various Lignocellulosic Residues and Fungal Species

Mechanical, Physical, and Chemical Properties of Mycelium-Based Composites Produced from Various Lignocellulosic Residues and Fungal Species

Agroforestry Harvesting Residue: A Case Study in Private Forests in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia

Inventory Data for the Pyrolysis of Waste Wood

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