Wood smoke effects on epithelial cell lines and human airway cells

Hansson, Alva; Rankin, Gregory; Uski, Oskari; Sehlstedt, Maria; Bosson, Jenny A.; Pourazar, Jamshid; Boman, Christoffer; Lindgren, Robert; Lopez, N.; Behndig, Annelie F.; Blomberg, Anders; Sandström, Thomas; Muala, Ala

doi:10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa5448

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Exposure to DEPs or WSPs in the absence of infection had few effects on expression of genes in our panel, besides upregulation of proinflammatory IL6 and IL1B and downregulation of IFNG. Some studies of WSP exposure in human volunteers did not show significant proinflammatory changes in the airway ( 41 – 43 ) whereas others found signs of pulmonary or systemic inflammation following WSP exposure ( 6 , 44 ). Proinflammatory effects of WSPs on epithelial cells in vitro have been mild and inconsistent in past studies ( 45 – 47 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Woodsmoke particle exposure prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection alters antiviral response gene expression in human nasal epithelial cells in a sex-dependent manner

Brocke

Billings

Taft-Benz

et al. 2022

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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Inhalational exposure to particulate matter (PM) derived from natural or anthropogenic sources alters gene expression in the airways and increases susceptibility to respiratory viral infection. Woodsmoke-derived ambient PM from wildfire events during 2020 was associated with higher COVID-19 case rates in the western US. We hypothesized that exposure to suspensions of woodsmoke particles (WSP) or diesel exhaust particles (DEP) prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection would alter host immune gene expression at the transcript level. Primary human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) from both sexes were exposed to WSP or DEP (22 μg/cm2) for 2 h, followed by infection with SARS-CoV-2 at a multiplicity of infection of 0.5. Forty-six genes related to SARS-CoV-2 entry and host response were assessed. Particle exposure alone minimally affected gene expression, while SARS-CoV-2 infection alone induced a robust transcriptional response in hNECs, upregulating type I and III interferons, interferon-stimulated genes, and chemokines by 72 h p.i. This upregulation was higher overall in cells from male donors. However, exposure to WSP prior to infection dampened expression of antiviral, interferon, and chemokine mRNAs. Sex-stratification of these results revealed that WSP exposure downregulated gene expression in cells from females more so than males. We next hypothesized that hNECs exposed to particles would have increased apical viral loads compared to unexposed cells. While apical viral load was correlated to expression of host response genes, viral titer did not differ between groups. These data indicate that WSP alter epithelial immune responses in a sex-dependent manner, potentially suppressing host defense to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Woodsmoke particle exposure prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection alters antiviral response gene expression in human nasal epithelial cells in a sex-dependent manner

Brocke

Billings

Taft-Benz

et al. 2022

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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show abstract

“…This was not surprising, however, because in vitro studies with epithelial cells and in vivo human studies have provided inconclusive evidence about the effects of WSP exposure on the airways in the absence of a secondary stimulus. Some studies of human volunteers exposed to WSP did not show significant pro-inflammatory changes in the airway (55-57) while others found signs of pulmonary or systemic inflammation post WSP exposure (11,58). Pro-inflammatory effects of WSP on epithelial cells in vitro are mild and inconsistent (59)(60)(61).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Woodsmoke particulates alter expression of antiviral host response genes in human nasal epithelial cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 in a sex-dependent manner

Brocke

Billings

Taft-Benz

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We have previously shown that exposure to particulate air pollution, both from natural and anthropogenic sources, alters gene expression in the airways and increases susceptibility to respiratory viral infection. Additionally, we have shown that woodsmoke particulates (WSP) affect responses to influenza in a sex-dependent manner. In the present study, we used human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) from both sexes to investigate how particulate exposure could modulate gene expression in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) as well as WSP derived from eucalyptus or red oak wood. HNECs were exposed to particulates at a concentration of 22 μg/cm2 for 2 h then immediately infected with SARS-CoV-2 at a MOI (multiplicity of infection) of 0.5. Exposure to particulates had no significant effects on viral load recovered from infected cells. Without particulate exposure, hNECs from both sexes displayed a robust upregulation of antiviral host response genes, though the response was greater in males. However, WSP exposure before infection dampened expression of genes related to the antiviral host response by 72 h post infection. Specifically, red oak WSP downregulated IFIT1, IFITM3, IFNB1, MX1, CCL3, CCL5, CXCL11, CXCL10, and DDX58, among others. After sex stratification of these results, we found that exposure to WSP prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection downregulated anti-viral gene expression in hNECs from females more so than males. These data indicate that WSP, specifically from red oak, alter virus-induced gene expression in a sex-dependent manner and potentially suppress antiviral host defense responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Wood smoke effects on epithelial cell lines and human airway cells

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Woodsmoke particle exposure prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection alters antiviral response gene expression in human nasal epithelial cells in a sex-dependent manner

Woodsmoke particle exposure prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection alters antiviral response gene expression in human nasal epithelial cells in a sex-dependent manner

Woodsmoke particulates alter expression of antiviral host response genes in human nasal epithelial cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 in a sex-dependent manner

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