Wood plastic composites weathering: Visual appearance and chemical changes

Fabiyi, James S.; McDonald, Armando G.; Wolcott, Michael P.; Griffiths, Peter R.

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.05.024

Cited by 212 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…PP-based WPCs experienced quicker photodegradation in terms of lightness and wood loss as compared to HDPE-based WPCs [30,57].…”

Section: Effects Of Weathering On Degradationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Oxidation gradients cause density gradients that results in stresses, and when combined with chain scission (reduction in molecular weight) which leads to shorter polymer chains, will initiate and propagate cracks. Cracks on surface leads to light diffusion (a whitening effect in appearance) and deterioration of mechanical properties [30,57]. The presence of catalyst residues, hydroperoxide groups, and carbonyl groups can also be introduced during polymer manufacturing, processing, and storage.…”

Section: Effects Of Weathering On Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wood component was preferentially degraded during WPC weathering. This reveals that more attention needs to be focused on stabilizing the wood component rather than the polymer matrix [57].…”

Section: Effects Of Weathering On Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is difficult to transfer artificial weathering to life expectancy under natural weathering conditions since rate of fibre degradation in nature depends on various external factors such as intensity of radiation, temperature, humidity, and air pollution [13]. Different weathering regimes lead to different weathering patterns as discovered in [57]. The degree of WPC degradation in a 2-year natural test was not as severe as that in a 2000-h accelerated test but more severe than that observed in a 400-h test.…”

Section: Natural Weatheringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on the degradability of polymeric composites based on natural fibres

et al. 2013

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The applications of natural fibre/polymer composites in civil engineering are mostly concentrated on non-load bearing indoor components due to its vulnerability to environmental attack. This paper evaluates the characteristics of several natural fibre composites exposed to moisture, thermal, fire, and ultraviolet degradation through an extensive literature review. The effects of chemical additives such as fibre treatments, fire retardants and UV stabilizers are also addressed. Based on the evaluation conducted, optimum fibre content provides strength in a polymer composite but it also becomes an entry point for moisture attack. Several fibre treatments are also being used to improve fibre/matrix interface, thereby increasing moisture durability. However, the treated fibres were found to behave poorly when exposed to weather. The addition of UV stabilizers and fire retardants are suggested to enhance outdoor and fire performance of natural fibre/polymer composite but compromises its strength. Therefore, from the collected data and various experimental results, it was concluded that an optimum blend ratio of chemical additives must be employed to achieve a balance between strength and durability requirements for natural fibre composites. Dear EditorI would like to submit a paper entitle of "Degradability of Polymeric Composites Based on Natural Fibres" to the materials and design. This paper address important issues related to the degradation of natural fibres in polymeric composites. I believe the paper has interest to the reader of the journal and will be beneficial for many researchers in the field of materials and design considering the degradation of polymer and bio-materials. I would like to confirm that the paper has not been sent to any journal before and not under review. I hope you can send the paper fore reviewing process. Editor: Thank you for submitting your review paper. There are no technical issues. However, there are areas of the paper that need attention as follows: 1.Include more keywords -you are allowed up to 6 keywords.The keywords have been updated and highlighted in the revised version as Keywords: natural fibres; polymer composites; civil applications; characteristics degradation; weathering. 2.Include your personal university telephone number in the contact details in the paper.In the revised version it has been included as Reference 20 is incomplete. Updated 10.Reference 37 is incomplete. Updated 11.Reference 40 is incomplete. This paper is much related to the topic and it is in press. I added the DOI: 10.1080/15440478.2012.733149 . this is accepted in the production stage 12.Reference 65 is incomplete. Removed 13.In view of the above, please check all references for accuracy and completeness. Detailed Response to Reviewers JMAD-D-12-03220R1 2All the references are cited using endnote software. This makes it easy to update and cite the references in the required format at the publication stage. 14. Remove page numbers from list of table and figure captions. Page numbers removed...

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“…PP-based WPCs experienced quicker photodegradation in terms of lightness and wood loss as compared to HDPE-based WPCs [30,57].…”

Section: Effects Of Weathering On Degradationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Effects Of Weathering On Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Weathering On Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Natural Weatheringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on the degradability of polymeric composites based on natural fibres

et al. 2013

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“…Because of the high crystallinity of the polymer (about 70%), the peaks at 1463 and 720 cm −1 are split (doublet) and two additional peaks were observed at 1472 and 730 cm −1 25 . It can be seen that the irradiation of HDPE foils resulted in substantial changes in their spectra 26 . The most significant ones were observed in the carbonyl (1700 -1800 cm ) and hydroxyl (3300 -3400 cm −1 ) ranges, as well as that around 909 cm −1 (due to the unsaturated groups).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Metal Acetylacetonates on the Photooxidative Destruction of High Density Polyethylene

2016

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The process of photooxidative destruction of high density polyethylene films containing different organic complexes of polyvalent metals as pro-oxidant additives after UV-irradiation was studied. During exposure to UV-irradiation, the more significant changes in the mechanical and thermal properties were detected for the foils containing pro-oxidant additives compared to initial high density polyethylene. This indicated for the higher degree of oxidation in these samples and confirmed the effectiveness of thеsе additives in promoting the oxidation of high density polyethylene during UV-irradiation. It was found that the decrease of the strength of the initial high density polyethylene foils was more pronounced for the samples with pro-oxidants cobalt (III) acetylacetonate and manganese (II) acetylacetonate. The use of 2 mmol/kg iron (III) acetylacetonate and 4 mmol/kg cobalt (III) acetylacetonate as pro-oxidants gave the highest decrease of elongation at break of the polyethylene foils.

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Weathering of Lignocellulosic Polymer Composites

Shahzad

Isaac

2014

Lignocellulosic Polymer Composites

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Wood plastic composites weathering: Visual appearance and chemical changes

Cited by 212 publications

References 19 publications

A review on the degradability of polymeric composites based on natural fibres

A review on the degradability of polymeric composites based on natural fibres

Effect of Metal Acetylacetonates on the Photooxidative Destruction of High Density Polyethylene

Weathering of Lignocellulosic Polymer Composites

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