Wood of Oleaceae from the latest Cretaceous of India – the earliest olive branch?

Srivastava, Ragini; Wheeler, Elisabeth A.; Manchester, Steven R.; Baas, Pieter

doi:10.1163/22941932-20150113

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(34 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Croton is a large genus with more than 1300 species. New World species are more abundant and have received more attention than the 400-450 Old World species, of which ~150 are native to Madagascar (e.g., Berry et al 2005;Riina et al 2010;Van Ee et al 2011) Trivedi and Srivastava (1981) did not validly publish this name, we recently did so (Srivastava et al 2015).…”

Section: Laurinoxylonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surprisingly modern Latest Cretaceous– earliest Paleocene woods of India

Wheeler¹,

Srivastava²,

Manchester

et al. 2017

IAWA Journal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and approach – The Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Central India contain a diverse assemblage of fossil plants, including petrified woods from 15 localities. These beds are dated at c. 67–64 Ma, i.e. latest Cretaceous–earliest Paleocene and span the K-Pg boundary, a significant time in angiosperm history. At this time, the Indian tectonic plate was halfway on its journey from Gondwana to its collision with Asia, and relatively close to the equator. We provide descriptions in IAWA Hardwood List codes for 47 species of Deccan fossil woods, based on our examination of thin sections of these woods, mostly holotypes that are housed at the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow, India. An appendix lists all validly published Deccan wood species of which we are aware, including 52 that we were not able to examine. Main results – The Deccan fossil woods described herein include the oldest known occurrences of some orders, families or genera viz. Lamiales (Lamia-ceae), Achariaceae (Hydnocarpus-like wood), Anacardiaceae, Simaroubaceae (Ailanthus-like and Simarouba-like woods), subfamily Leeoideae (Vitaceae), subfamily Myrtoideae (Myrtaceae), subfamily Planchoideae (Lecythidaceae), tribe Castilleae (Moraceae), tribes Grewioideae and Sterculioideae (Malvaceae). These first fossil records are discussed with reference to other macrofossil and pollen records of the same or related clades. They complement recent work on the oldest known Olea and Connaraceae also documented by Deccan woods.For the Deccan woods we examined, we could confirm the earlier taxonomic assignment at least down to order or family level for 29 taxa. Ordinal level affinities are ambiguous for eight of the taxa. In two cases, we revised the taxonomic assignment to other families; for another eight, the original assignment was found to be incorrect, but we are unable to suggest alternative affinities. Evolutionary implications – Only 3% of all Deccan woods have scalariform perforations and the incidences of so-called specialized features in the Baileyan sense are high, so these woods have a remarkably “modern” aspect. This is anomalous in comparison with contemporaneous fossil woods from higher paleolatitudes, and seemingly they are more “derived” than the recent flora. In these respects, the Deccan woods constitute a unique assemblage. The low incidence of scalariform perforations suggests xeric conditions, while – in contrast – the low incidence of distinct growth ring boundaries suggests an aseasonal everwet climate. It is speculated that convergent xylem specialization, especially the selection for simple perforations, was enhanced by the climatic conditions found at low paleolatitudes with high temperatures as would characterize the Deccan Intertrappean Beds at the K-Pg boundary.

show abstract

Section: Laurinoxylonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surprisingly modern Latest Cretaceous– earliest Paleocene woods of India

Wheeler¹,

Srivastava²,

Manchester

et al. 2017

IAWA Journal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The very “modern” aspect of the Deccan wood flora suggests that tropical climatic conditions may have accelerated adaptive xylem evolution (simple perforation plates) to fit the high demands for hydraulic efficiency typical for tropical lowland forests (Baas et al, ). This paper on Deccan Malpighiales, along with other recent contributions, (Srivastava et al, –Oleoxylon ; Baas et al, –Connaroxylon ; Shukla & Mehrotra, – Duabangoxylon ; Wheeler et al, –47 taxa) expands our knowledge of the species‐rich Deccan fossil flora from a crucial epoch in the evolution of the angiosperms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…This further suggests that the Parietal clade of the Malpighiales was present in India while it was an isolated land mass, providing evidence for an 'out-of-India' biogeographic pattern of later evolved members of this clade (cf. Manchester et al, 2013;Srivastava et al, 2015;Baas et al, 2017;Wheeler et al, 2017).…”

Section: Age Of the Malpighialesmentioning

confidence: 99%

More Malpighiales: Woods of Achariaceae and/or Salicaceae from the Deccan Intertrappean beds, India

Srivastava¹,

Miller²,

Baas

2018

J of Sytematics Evolution

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The families Achariaceae and Salicaceae (Malpighiales) are characterized by wood anatomical ranges that partly overlap. Formerly these families were treated together in the polyphyletic Flacourtiaceae and a much more narrowly circumscribed Salicaceae. Here we attribute two recently collected fossil woods from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds to the clade that contain these two families, i.e., the Parietal Clade of the Malpighiales. The new genus Elioxylon shares features with several extant genera of Achariaceae and Salicaceae, but does not completely match with any of them. A new record of Hydnocarpoxylon indicum Bande & Khatri is a good match for extant Hydnocarpus Gaertn. (Achariaceae). Elioxylon and Hydnocarpoxylon share an absence of parenchyma, the presence of septate fibres and 1–3 seriate heterocellular rays with long uniseriate margins consistent with Achariaceae and Salicaceae. Elioxylon has mixed simple and scalariform perforations, whereas Hydnocarpxylon has exclusively scalariform perforations. Other Deccan fossils formerly attributed to “Flacourtiaceae” in the literature are critically discussed and mostly excluded from Achariaceae and Salicaceae. Elioxylon and Hydnocarpoxylon from the Maastrichtian ‐ Danian of India are the oldest fossil records of the Parietal Clade of the Malpighiales. With their occurrence on the Indian plate during its northward journey from Gondwana to Laurasia, these fossils provide further support for an ‘out‐of‐India’ hypothesis for Achariaceae and/or Salicaceae. “Baileyan trends” in vessel perforation plate and vessel grouping evolution are apparent in the phylogeny of the Parietal Clade.

show abstract

“…In their study on Araceae biogeography, Nauheimer et al (2012) came to the conclusion that the ancestral area of Aroideae might have been either Asia or Africa. It appears that India played an important role in the dispersal of Arecaceae, Araceae, Connaraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Oleaceae, Vitaceae and many other families (Dutta et al 2011;Manchester et al 2013;Shukla et al 2013;Shukla and Mehrotra 2014;Srivastava et al 2015;Baas et al 2017); this supports 'Out of India' hypothesis, according to which the dispersal of many families from India into southeast Asia took place when they came on rafting with the Indian plate from south to north (Shukla et al 2016).…”

Section: Phytogeographical and Palaeoecological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Rhizopalmoxylon nypoides – a new palm root from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India

Kathal

Srivastava²,

Mehrotra³

et al. 2017

J Earth Syst Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new species of fossil palm rhizome having root-mat under the organ genus Rhizopalamoxylon (Rhizopalmoxylon nypoides sp. nov.) is reported. The specimen shows the closest resemblance with the modern monotypic genus Nypa Wurmb of the Arecaceae. The specimen was collected from the late Maastrichtian-early Danian sediments of Deccan Intertrappean beds, Mothi, Sagar district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Nypa is a mangrove palm naturally found in estuaries and swamps of the tropical region and represents one of the oldest records of the genus from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of central India. The abundance of palms, including Nypa and previously recorded coastal and mangrove elements such as Acrostichum, Barringtonia, Cocos, Sonneratia and marine algae (Distichoplax and Peyssonellia) from the Deccan Intertrappean beds indicate marine influence and existence of tropical rainforest ecosystem in the vicinity of fossil locality in contrast to the deciduous forests occurring there at present.

show abstract

Wood of Oleaceae from the latest Cretaceous of India – the earliest olive branch?

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Surprisingly modern Latest Cretaceous– earliest Paleocene woods of India

Surprisingly modern Latest Cretaceous– earliest Paleocene woods of India

More Malpighiales: Woods of Achariaceae and/or Salicaceae from the Deccan Intertrappean beds, India

Rhizopalmoxylon nypoides – a new palm root from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About