Wood-Inhabiting Fungi: Applied Aspects

Ţura, Daniel; Wasser, Solomon P.; Zmitrovich, Ivan V.

doi:10.1201/9781315369471-12

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…The possible reason for this discrepancy could be that the negative relationship between fungal_PC1_T4 and wood density loss may be compensated by the facilitation effect of bark_PC2 on wood density loss, because bark_PC2 had a direct positive effect on fungal_PC1_T4 (Figure 4b). Our findings implied that fungal community composition may therefore play a more important role in wood decomposition as decomposition increased for logs that were dominated by brown-rot and white-rot fungi (Figure 4b), where especially the latter group can degrade recalcitrant biopolymers of decaying wood (Blanchette, 2000;Tura et al, 2016).…”

Section: Wood Decomposition In Later Stage Is Driven By Fungal Compos...mentioning

confidence: 88%

Stem decomposition of temperate tree species is determined by stem traits and fungal community composition during early stem decay

Yang,

Poorter,

Sterck

et al. 2024

Journal of Ecology

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Dead trees are vital structural elements in forests playing key roles in the carbon and nutrient cycle. Stem traits and fungal community composition are both important drivers of stem decay, and thereby affect ecosystem functioning, but their relative importance for stem decomposition over time remains unclear. To address this issue, we used a common garden decomposition experiment in a Dutch larch forest hosting fresh logs from 13 common temperate tree species. In total, 25 fresh wood and bark traits were measured as indicators of wood accessibility for decomposers, nutritional quality and chemical or physical defence mechanisms. After 1 and 4 years of decay, we assessed the richness and composition of wood‐inhabiting fungi using amplicon sequencing and determined the proportional wood density loss. Average proportional wood density loss for the first year was 18.5%, with further decomposition occurring at a rate of 4.3% year−1 for the subsequent 3 years across tree species. Proportional wood density loss varied widely across tree species in the first year (8.7–24.8% year−1) and subsequent years (0–11.3% year−1). The variation was directly driven by initial wood traits during the first decay year, then later directly driven by bark traits and fungal community composition. Moreover, bark traits affected the composition of wood‐inhabiting fungi and thereby indirectly affected decomposition rates. Specifically, traits promoting resource acquisition of the living tree, such as wide conduits that increase accessibility and high nutrient concentration, increased initial wood decomposition rates. Fungal community composition, but not fungal richness explained differences in wood decomposition after 4 years of exposure in the field, where fungal communities dominated by brown‐rot and white‐rot Basidiomycetes were linked to higher wood decomposition rate. Synthesis: Understanding what drives deadwood decomposition through time is important to understand the dynamics of carbon stocks. Here, using a tailor‐made experimental design in a temperate forest setting, we have shown that stem trait variation is key to understanding the roles of these drivers; initially, wood traits explained decomposition rates while subsequently, bark traits and fungal decomposer composition drove decomposition rates. These findings inform forest management with a view to selecting tree species to promote carbon storage.

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Section: Wood Decomposition In Later Stage Is Driven By Fungal Compos...mentioning

confidence: 88%

Stem decomposition of temperate tree species is determined by stem traits and fungal community composition during early stem decay

Yang,

Poorter,

Sterck

et al. 2024

Journal of Ecology

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“…Chaga sulphur soap is manufactured in South Korea, where it is said to have anti-aging and hydrating effects, among others ( Ţura et al, 2018 ). Sagayama et al (2019) conducted cell proliferation experiments to assess the impacts of Mongolians using Chaga sclerotium to wash their hair traditionally.…”

Section: Cosmetic Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chaga mushroom: a super-fungus with countless facets and untapped potential

Fordjour,

Manful,

Javed

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom) is an inexpensive fungus with a broad range of traditional and medicinal applications. These applications include therapy for breast, cervix, and skin cancers, as well as treating diabetes. However, its benefits are virtually untapped due to a limited understanding of its mycochemical composition and bioactivities. In this article, we explore the ethnobotany, mycochemistry, pharmacology, traditional therapeutic, cosmetic, and prospective agricultural uses. The review establishes that several secondary metabolites, such as steroids, terpenoids, and other compounds exist in chaga. Findings on its bioactivity have demonstrated its ability as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor agent. The study also demonstrates that Chaga powder has a long history of traditional use for medicinal purposes, pipe smoking rituals, and mystical future forecasts. The study further reveals that the applications of Chaga powder can be extended to industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and agriculture. However numerous publications focused on the pharmaceutical benefits of Chaga with few publications on other applications. Overall, chaga is a promising natural resource with a wide range of potential applications and therefore the diverse array of therapeutic compounds makes it an attractive candidate for various applications such as plant biofertilizers and active ingredients in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. Thus, further exploration of Chaga’s potential benefits in agriculture and other industries could lead to exciting new developments and innovations.

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“…Discoloration due to fungal attacks is quite a serious problem for using wood as a raw material for furniture, especially if it wants to display the natural colors and patterns of wood. The economic losses caused by fungal attacks in the United States and Finland each year reach 150 and 570 billion rupiahs [10,3]. Meanwhile, losses caused by blue stain attacks on rubber wood in Indonesia reach 220 billion rupiahs annually [11,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Blue Stain Attack and Its Effect on The Mechanical Properties of Five Light-Colour Woods

Sofiaturizkiyah,

Priadi

2023

BIO Web Conf.

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The processing of light-color wood often has problems due to blue stain, which can reduce the quality and economic value of the wood. This research aimed to evaluate the intensity of blue stain attack on five light-color woods and the effect on their mechanical properties. Pine, rubber, jabon, sengon, and gmelina logs with an average diameter of 30 cm were turned into 3 cm thickness disc samples for staining fungal test; 2 cm × 2 cm × 30 cm and 3 cm × 3 cm × 6 cm samples for bending and hardness tests respectively. All the samples were exposed to the environment above ground on a rack for six weeks. The results showed that the highest intensity of blue stain attack was found in pine wood (84%), followed by rubber wood (80%), jabon wood (65%), sengon wood (36%), and gmelina wood (27%). The mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and hardness) of all wood-attacked blue stains did not significantly differ from their control samples.

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Wood-Inhabiting Fungi: Applied Aspects

Cited by 7 publications

References 134 publications

Stem decomposition of temperate tree species is determined by stem traits and fungal community composition during early stem decay

Stem decomposition of temperate tree species is determined by stem traits and fungal community composition during early stem decay

Chaga mushroom: a super-fungus with countless facets and untapped potential

The Blue Stain Attack and Its Effect on The Mechanical Properties of Five Light-Colour Woods

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