Wood flour–reinforced plastic composites: a review

Kumar, Vinay; Tyagi, Lalit Kumar; Sinha, Shishir

doi:10.1515/revce.2011.006

Cited by 86 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Moreover, natural fibres do not break during processing and they do not have abrasive influence on processing equipment. The most popular thermoplastic polymer matrices for this purpose are polyolefines like polypropylene [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. From all polyolefines polypropylene (PP) ma-trix has the highest modulus of elasticity and at the same time rather low melting temperature (below 175 ∘ C), that is assumed for systems containing natural fibres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lot of works are closely related to investigations of exploitation properties of wood fibres or wood flour containing polyolefine composites [1,2]. The most useful from wide selection of polyolefines are polypropylenes, but timber industry waste materials comprising lignocellulose fibres are often used as reinforcement of WPC [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Plywood industry is not an exception -part of waste materials (by-products) are used for heat energy, i.e.…”

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Some Exploitation Properties of Wood Plastic Hybrid Composites Based on Polypropylene and Plywood Production Waste

et al. 2015

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During the last 20-30 years many researchers have paid attention to the studies of properties of the wood polymer composites (WPC). A lot of works are closely related to investigations of exploitation properties of wood fibres or wood flour containing polyolefine composites [1,2]. The most useful from wide selection of polyolefines are polypropylenes, but timber industry waste materials comprising lignocellulose fibres are often used as reinforcement of WPC [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Plywood industry is not an exception -part of waste materials (by-products) are used for heat energy, i.e. burned. In this work we have approbated reinforcing of polypropylene (PP) with one of the plywood industry by-products, such as birch plywood sawdust (PSWD), which contains wood fibre fractions with different length [13]. The main fraction (50%) includes fibres with length l = 0.5 − 1 mm. Our previous study [13] has confirmed that PSWD is a promising filler for PP reinforcing. Addition of PSWD up to 40-50 wt.% has increased WPC tensile and flexural modulus, but decreased deformation ability of PP matrix, impact strength, water resistance and fluidity of composite melts. It was shown [13] that modification of the composites with interfacial modifier -coupling agent maleated polypropylene (MAPP content up to 5-7 wt.%) considerably improved all the abovementioned properties. SEM investigations also confirmed positive action of coupling agent on strengthening of adhesion interaction between components wood and PP matrix. Another way how to make better properties of the WPC is to form hybridcomposites [1,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Very popular WPC modifiers are nanoparticle additions like organonanoclays, which increase WPC physical-mechanical properties -microhardness, water resistance and diminish barrier properties and combustibility [1, 2, 14-17, 19, 20]. The goal of this study was to investigate organonanoclays influence on plywood production industry by-product birch plywood sawdust (PSWD) containing polypropylene wood hybrid composites (WPHC) physical-mechanical and other exploitation properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Some Exploitation Properties of Wood Plastic Hybrid Composites Based on Polypropylene and Plywood Production Waste

et al. 2015

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“…Wood flour is a renewable cellulosic material that has environmental and economical advantages as filler in polymers (Son et al 2001;Balasuriya et al 2002;Bledzki and Faruk 2005;Kim et al 2005;Arbelaiz et al 2006;Kumar et al 2011). The performance of vegetable reinforcing fillers is widely investigated as such materials are biodegradable and non toxic, have a low-cost on volume basis, lower specific gravity of plastics relative to mineral fillers, and cause less abrasion during processing (Premalal et al 2002;Yang et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood polypropylene composites prepared by thermally modified fibers at two extrusion speeds: mechanical and viscoelastic properties

Askanian¹,

Verney

Commereuc³

et al. 2014

Holzforschung

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Abstract:Composites have been prepared with polypropylene (PP) as a matrix and pine flours, either thermally treated (W tr ) or not (W), as fillers resulting in wood plastic composites (WPCs). The treatment by retification at 280° mainly elevates the hydrophobicity of wood. The WPCs were fabricated with a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with the screw speeds of 500 and 1200 rpm and specimens were prepared by injection molding. Viscoelastic behavior, tensile test and Charpy impact test of W tr PC were compared with PP and WPC. W tr PC has a better dispersion and highest tensile modulus. As expected, a decrease in elongation at break and impact strength was observed for all composites. Processing at 1200 rpm improved by 60% the Young modulus of the WPC compared to 500 rpm, whereas 500 rpm was enough to obtain the highest modulus for W tr PC.

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“…The reinforcement of thermoplastic polymers by means of cellulosic fibers is now a standard technology to improve the mechanical properties such as Young's modulus and tensile strength of polymers, although at the expense of their ductility and impact strength (Ku et al 2011;Kumar et al 2011). Other characteristics such as water absorption and thermal properties must also be studied when considering the possible end-use applications of natural fiber-thermoplastic composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stone-Ground Wood Pulp-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Water Uptake and Thermal Properties

López¹,

Gironès²,

Méndez³

et al. 2012

BioResources

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Two of the drawbacks of using natural-based composites in industrial applications are thermal instability and water uptake capacity. In this work, mechanical wood pulp was used to reinforce polypropylene at a level of 20 to 50 wt. %. Composites were mixed by means of a Brabender internal mixer for both non-coupled and coupled formulations. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to determine the thermal properties of the composites. The water uptake behavior was evaluated by immersion of the composites in water until an equilibrium state was reached. Results of water absorption tests revealed that the amount of water absorption was clearly dependent upon the fiber content. The coupled composites showed lower water absorption compared to the uncoupled composites. The incorporation of mechanical wood pulp into the polypropylene matrix produced a clear nucleating effect by increasing the crystallinity degree of the polymer and also increasing the temperature of polymer degradation. The maximum degradation temperature for stone ground wood pulp-reinforced composites was in the range of 330 to 345 ºC.

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Wood flour–reinforced plastic composites: a review

Cited by 86 publications

References 81 publications

Some Exploitation Properties of Wood Plastic Hybrid Composites Based on Polypropylene and Plywood Production Waste

Some Exploitation Properties of Wood Plastic Hybrid Composites Based on Polypropylene and Plywood Production Waste

Wood polypropylene composites prepared by thermally modified fibers at two extrusion speeds: mechanical and viscoelastic properties

Stone-Ground Wood Pulp-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Water Uptake and Thermal Properties

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