Wood Fiber Reinforced Composites

Klason, C.; Kubát, Jan; Gatenholm, Paul

doi:10.1021/bk-1992-0489.ch006

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…16 Although the exact value of the underlying mechanisms is not known,30 it is safe to assume that the fiber/melt interlayer will also play a role in this context. The results presented in Figure 6 ( a ) and ( b ) show that this indeed is the case.…”

Section: Untreated Cellulose Fibers and (B) Santowebmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deg-197 fiiier.5-8 radation of the fiber aspect ratio from 30 to 5 is a common result of processing. 16 Earlier investigations carried out in our laboratory have demonstrated the effect of various treatments applied onto the cellulose surface on the homogeneity and mechanical parameters of the corresponding composites. Dispersion aids, elastomeric additives, and adhesion-promoting agents were studied with polyolefinic rnatrice~.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The effect of chemical composition of interphase on dispersion of cellulose fibers in polymers. I. PVC‐coated cellulose in polystyrene

Gatenholm

Bertilsson

Mathiasson

1993

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Cellulose fibers surface-coated with butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP ) -plasticized PVC were evaluated as a reinforcement in thermoplastic matrices. Coated fibers were agglomerated during compounding with polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) . However, an excellent dispersion and improved processability were achieved in polystyrene (PS) . Melt rheology was also seen to be affected by fiber coating, and viscosity was lower for coated fibers. Fiber coatings seem to lubricate the blending process as well as to protect fiber from damage during processing. Fiber length was unaffected during treatment when coated fibers were used, as shown by microscopic investigation of extracted fibers, whereas the length of untreated fibers was reduced during processing. Introducing surface-coated fibers into PS resulted in an increased elongation at break and improved impact strength of composites. The pullout of the fibers is suggested to be responsible for both improvements. The interphase achieved in PS with PVC/BBP-coated fibers was simulated with PS/PVC/BBP blends. From DSC and DMTA, it was shown that BBP is a cosolvent for PS and PVC and that a single-phase material was achieved at the relevant concentrations, which also was confirmed by optical clarity.

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Section: Untreated Cellulose Fibers and (B) Santowebmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of chemical composition of interphase on dispersion of cellulose fibers in polymers. I. PVC‐coated cellulose in polystyrene

Gatenholm

Bertilsson

Mathiasson

1993

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…'~"~ Another approach, using hydrolysis of the cellulose fibers prior to compounding, resulted in a significant improvement in ductility and dispersibility. 16,17 The present paper reports on the effect of the incorporation of cellulose fibers on the mechanical properties of bacteria-produced polyesters with varying compositions. The effect of processing on the properties of cellulose-polyester composites is also investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable natural composites. I. Processing and properties

Gatenholm

Kubát

Mathiasson

1992

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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131

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SYNOPSlSThis paper presents an investigation of the properties of composites of bacteria-produced polyesters reinforced with wood cellulose. Although cellulose fibers improved the strength and stiffness of the polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) , the samples were very brittle. The impact strength and elongation at break of these composites were significantly improved when PHB copolymers with increased amounts of hydroxyvalerate (HV) were used as the matrix. Dynamic mechanical properties of PHB copolymers of varying compositions and of cellulosefilled composites were investigated. The introduction of cellulose resulted in a decreased loss factor owing to restrictions of the chain mobility in the amorphous phase. An improvement was observed in the dynamic modulus, which was seen to be greatest at elevatedtemperatures. An excellent dispersibility of cellulose fibers was achieved in the PHB matrix as compared with such synthetic matrices as polystyrene or polypropylene. The degree of dispersibility was strongly affected by processing conditions. The defibrillation observed on extracted fibers suggests a possible hydrolysis of cellulose by crotonic acid formed in situ as a result of the thermal decomposition of the PHB matrix.

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“…Reducing the surface polarity of cellulosic fillers by coating with a coupling/ sizing agent improves the composite properties considerably [23,[45][46][47][48][49][50]. Kishi et al [46] prepared composites of MPP and/or PP, and refined ground wood pulp (RGP) by kneading at 170°C followed by extraction with hot xylene for 48 h. Both theoretical and experimental weight-decrease percentages of these composites are listed in Table 6.…”

Section: Ir Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…apparent in scanning electron micrographs of the broken surfaces of the test samples [1,6,8,23,43,49,[56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. Figure 11A also indicates very little filler breakage at the surface of the matrix.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial adhesion of lignocellulosic materials in polymer composites: an overview

Maldas

Kokta

1993

Composite Interfaces

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Cellulosic materials have long been used as cost-cutting fillers in the plastic industry. Among the various factors which determine the final performance of the composite materials depend, to a large extent, on the adhesion between the polymer matrix and the reinforcements, and, therefore, on the quality of the interface. In fact, the majority of cellulosic raw materials are lignocellulosics of different polarity to plastics, and due to this divergent behavior, the adhesion between cellulosic materials and polymer matrices is very poor. However, a sufficient degree of interaction or adhesion between the surface of the cellulosic materials and matrix resin is usually desired to achieve an optimum performance of the end-product. In many cases surface modification of the cellulosics or the matrix resins, using various additives, vinyl monomers, or coupling agents, are considered to be essential to achieve this goal.The present paper surveys research work published in this field with special emphasis on the cellulosic materials' surface chemistry, morphology, as well as interfacial properties of the composites in order to elucidate the role of surface treatments. In order to elucidate the mechanism of interaction on molecular level, it is necessary to employ various techniques, such as spectroscopy that can measure surface events. In fact, the complexity of the interphase region requires a variety of characterization methods for the thorough understanding of the physical and chemical nature of this region. Moreover, a proper combination of different techniques is necessary to provide a true picture of the interphase.

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Wood Fiber Reinforced Composites

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

The effect of chemical composition of interphase on dispersion of cellulose fibers in polymers. I. PVC‐coated cellulose in polystyrene

The effect of chemical composition of interphase on dispersion of cellulose fibers in polymers. I. PVC‐coated cellulose in polystyrene

Biodegradable natural composites. I. Processing and properties

Interfacial adhesion of lignocellulosic materials in polymer composites: an overview

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