Wood-Derived Estrogens: Studiesin Vitrowith Breast Cancer Cell Lines andin Vivoin Trout

Mellanen, Pirkko; Petänen, Tiina; Lehtimäki, Jaakko; Mäkelä, Sari; Bylund, Göran; Holmbom, Bjarne; Mannila, Erkki; Oikari, Aimo; Santti, Risto

doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0046

Cited by 216 publications

(121 citation statements)

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“…4) is a lipophilic compound, poorly soluble in water and structurally resembles sitosterols (Mellanen et al 1996;Alakurtti et al 2006). Betulinol is a triterpene alcohol present in high amounts in the outer bark layer of birch and the most common extractive in birch (Alakurtti et al 2006;Ratia et al 2013).…”

Section: Betulinolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refractory organic pollutants and toxicity in pulp and paper mill wastewaters

Lindholm‐Lehto

Knuutinen

Ahkola

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

121

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Section: Betulinolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Betulinol is a potential estrogen (Mellanen et al 1996). Estrogenic compounds derived from wood can potentially cause reproductive dysfunction in fish when released into aquatic environment via pulp mill effluents (Christianson-Heiska et al 2008).…”

Section: Betulinolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractory organic pollutants and toxicity in pulp and paper mill wastewaters

Lindholm‐Lehto

Knuutinen

Ahkola

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

121

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“…Second, the inhibition of cholesterol absorption may be associated with a reduced intestinal absorption of other important hydrophobic substances such as fatsoluble vitamins. Third, some reports have speculated that b-sitosterol has some although weak estrogenic activity (Malini and Vanithakumari, 1993;Mellanen et al, 1996), suggesting that plant sterol ingestion could influence the sex hormone balance. We set out to investigate these three areas of a potential concern by careful analysis of the serum plant sterol, fat-soluble vitamin and sex hormone concentrations in blood samples obtained from the participants of the plant sterol feeding study (Tikkanen et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety assessment of common foods enriched with natural nonesterified plant sterols

et al. 2008

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Background/Objectives: To assess safety during a diet based on low-fat foods enriched with nonesterified wood-derived plant sterols and mineral nutrients related to serum phytosterol, sex hormone and fat-soluble vitamin metabolism. Subjects/Methods: Seventy-one study participants (52 women, 19 men) with mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia completed the double-blind, placebo-controlled feeding trial lasting for 15 weeks. The subjects were randomly allocated to the sterol group receiving food items enriched with mineral nutrients as well as with a total of 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 g per day of plant sterols during the first, second and third 5-week periods, respectively, or to the placebo group receiving similar food items without plant sterols. This outpatient clinical trial with free-living subjects was carried out at two hospital clinics. Results: Two significant findings were observed. Serum sitosterol concentrations increased from 2.84 to 5.35 mg l À1 (Po0.004 vs placebo) but those of serum total plant sterols did not because of compensatory changes in other phytosterols. The highest plant sterol levels did not exceed 0.6% of total serum sterols. Serum a-tocopherol concentrations decreased in the sterol group by 10% (Po0.0002), but the between-group difference disappeared after adjusting for the change in the carrier (LDL cholesterol). Conclusions: Fifteen-week consumption of natural nonesterified plant sterol-enriched food does not cause any serious adverse effects during such a period. However, serum a-tocopherol levels were somewhat reduced in the sterol group suggesting that long-term effects of plant sterols on serum fat-soluble vitamin concentrations should be further explored, especially in relation to very low-fat diets.

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“…MCF-7 is known to respond to estrogen stimuli by increasing DNA-synthesis in vitro. MCF-7 cells are frequently used to study cell proliferation by estrogens and estrogen mimicking substances (Mellanen et al 1996;Soto et al 1992;White et al 1994). Cell proliferation assays (CPA) were performed under the direction of Patricia Eagon PhD at the University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel Catfish Estrogenicity and Sewer Overflows; Implications for Xenoestrogen Exposure

Volz

Houghton²,

Sussman

et al. 2009

Proceedings of the 2007 National Conference on Environmental Science and Technology

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Effluent from wastewater-treatment plants contains compounds that possess estrogenic activity. The southwestern Pennsylvania area has over 400 sewer overflows (SOs) that release untreated sewage. We sought to determine if the estrogenicity index (EI) of channel catfish from dense areas of SOs differed from catfish that are less impacted by SOs, using MCF-7 and BT-20 cell cultures. The MCF-7 human breast cancer line is estrogen receptor (ER) positive, while the BT-20 line is ER negative. The EI is based on the ratio of MCF-7 proliferation from application of fish extract to the response achieved from physiological levels of estradiol. Catfish caught near dense concentrations of SOs had significantly higher MCF-7 EIs than catfish from areas of less dense SOs, (p=0.02). The ER negative BT-20 cell line exhibited no proliferative response. We hypothesize that fish caught in concentrated areas of SOs have bioaccumulated more xenoestrogens than fish caught in less SO impacted areas. River water from SO contaminated areas is the primary source of drinking water for Allegheny County residents, potentially exposing large population groups to xenoestrogens. Our data suggest that evaluation of the estrogenicity of fish should be incorporated into risk assessment paradigms. Estrogen-screen evaluation of channel catfish is proposed as one model for further development.

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Wood-Derived Estrogens: Studiesin Vitrowith Breast Cancer Cell Lines andin Vivoin Trout

Cited by 216 publications

References 0 publications

Refractory organic pollutants and toxicity in pulp and paper mill wastewaters

Refractory organic pollutants and toxicity in pulp and paper mill wastewaters

Safety assessment of common foods enriched with natural nonesterified plant sterols

Channel Catfish Estrogenicity and Sewer Overflows; Implications for Xenoestrogen Exposure

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