Wood and water: an historical assessment of South Africa's past and present forestry policies as they relate to water conservation

Kruger, F. J.; Bennett, Brett M.

doi:10.1080/0035919x.2013.833144

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…2003 ; van Wilgen and Richardson 2014 ). Systematic planting of alien tree species for timber production began in the late 1800s but, by the 1930s, growing concerns about the hydrological impacts of these plantations led to a government-funded research programme ( Kruger and Bennett 2013 ). This research demonstrated that afforestation results in substantial decreases in river flows in the affected catchments ( Bosch and von Gadow 1990 ; Dye 1996 a ; Scott and Smith 1997 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of invading alien plant species on water flows at stand and catchment scales

Maitre

Gush²,

Dzikiti³

2015

AoB PLANTS

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The impacts of invasions by alien plant species on the quantity of rainwater that reaches rivers and streams have been studied in several countries. Some studies have found that there is a large impact and others have found little or no impact. These conflicting conclusions can be explained largely by differences in the structure (e.g. height, depth of root systems) and the physiology (e.g. evergreen, deciduous, water stress tolerance) between the alien and the indigenous plant species. The greater the differences between the two, the greater the impact is likely to be.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of invading alien plant species on water flows at stand and catchment scales

Maitre

Gush²,

Dzikiti³

2015

AoB PLANTS

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“…South Africa is a semi‐arid country where the mountainous catchments receive most of the rainfall responsible for sustaining the perennial streamflow (Dye & Versfeld, 2007). The early colonial governments, followed by national governments since 1910, encouraged and eventually embarked on large‐scale planting of alien trees to supply local uses (Kruger & Bennett, 2013). However, the trees that appeared in the upstream soon led to conflicts with downstream water users.…”

Section: Case Data and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Acoustics of Policy Learning: Can Co‐Participation in Policy Forums Break Up Echo Chambers?

Malkamäki¹,

Wagner²,

Brockhaus³

et al. 2019

Policy Studies Journal

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Overcoming common‐pool resource dilemmas requires learning across different sectors of society. However, policy actors frequently entrench themselves in so‐called echo chambers by preferring to rely on information from those whose policy beliefs resemble their own. Policy forums can reduce the limiting effects of echo chambers by encouraging actors with diverse knowledge bases to exchange information and learn from one another. This paper applies exponential random graph models to network data from the South African tree plantation policy domain to investigate how belief homophily, reputational influence, and forum co‐participation shape information exchange behavior. Results show that echo chambers are important determinants of information exchange ties and that reputational influence is likely to "deepen" the echo. Results also show that the more forums that a pair of actors co‐participate in, the more likely they are to exchange information. This applies to information exchange generally, as well as information exchange with trusted partners. Findings indicate that forums enable both cognitive learning (as knowledge gains) and relational learning (as improved relations). Nonetheless, when echo chambers are strong, and many forums are polarized, then forum co‐participation may not break up echo chambers.

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“…Chapter 5 of the Act is dedicated to the regulation of species and organisms that pose potential threats to biodiversity and provides the framework for managing alien species and invasive species. It creates an overlapping regulatory regime with that contained in CARA (King et al 2018). The purpose of the Chapter includes-…”

Section: The Biodiversity Actmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of alien species a permit will be required to undertake the restricted activity (section 65) unless the species has been exempted (section 66 and Listing Notice 2), or the Minister has prohibited the activity in respect of the species completely (section 67 and Listing Notice 4). Invasive species are subject to more stringent forms of control owing to the impact and actual harm that they cause (King et al 2018). However navigating the requirements in respect of invasive species is more complex because of the way in which the Lists are drafted.…”

Section: The Biodiversity Actmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the report also makes it clear that the battle is becoming harder as the number of species causing major impacts and the magnitude of the impacts themselves grow, as further species become invasive, and as others enter a phase of exponential spread. Furthermore, according to Hellmann et al (2008) and King et al (2018), it will take more research to understand how specific invasive species may behave under an altered climate and which species will become invasive in the future.…”

Section: The Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Invasion Policy and Legislation Development and Implementation in South Africa

Lukey

Hall

2020

Biological Invasions in South Africa

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This Chapter describes and reviews the evolving biological invasion policy and legislation development and its implementation in South Africa over approximately the last 160 years. Despite the lack of formal, published government policy on biological invasions, there has been an almost continuous process of law-making over the years, with 50 pieces of being passed since the Xanthium Spinosum Act of 1861. The fundamental legal approach has changed little over this time, with a strong preference for what we have called the 'identify and direct' approach-a 'problem' species is identified and specific people are directed to deal with that species in a specified way. The concept of 'faultless liability' often associated with this approach has been equally resilient (e.g. a landowner is held responsible for clearing invasions on their land even if they were not responsible for introducing the species to the area in the first place). The review also suggests that, from a purely biological invasion management perspective, the South African 'job-provision' policy driver that has dominated biological invasion management activities since the new democratic dispensation in 1994 may have some perverse impacts in the absence of formal biological invasion policy. One of the key conclusions (with the proviso that biological invasions are indeed a significant threat to South African society, the economy, and the environment) is that a comprehensive evidence-based policy-making process should be instituted as a matter of urgency. It is also suggested that climate change concerns and interest in the global Sustainable Development Goals may provide the perfect 'policy-development window' for the development of formal policy on biological invasion in South Africa.

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Wood and water: an historical assessment of South Africa's past and present forestry policies as they relate to water conservation

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Impacts of invading alien plant species on water flows at stand and catchment scales

Impacts of invading alien plant species on water flows at stand and catchment scales

On the Acoustics of Policy Learning: Can Co‐Participation in Policy Forums Break Up Echo Chambers?

Biological Invasion Policy and Legislation Development and Implementation in South Africa

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