Wood Anatomy of Brassicales: New Information, New Evolutionary Concepts

Carlquist, Sherwin

doi:10.1007/s12229-016-9161-2

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The other anatomical measurements are given in Table 2 and they are similar in the studied taxa. Small rhombic crystals were present in the libriform fibres of the Parolinia ornata Webb and Descurainia briquetii Webb in Brassicaceae [20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of the Morphology, Anatomy, and Palynology of Endemic Bornmuellera kiyakii and B. glabrescens (Brassicaceae) From Turkey

Çıtak¹,

Dural²,

Gönen³

2019

Gazi University Journal of Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of the Morphology, Anatomy, and Palynology of Endemic Bornmuellera kiyakii and B. glabrescens (Brassicaceae) From Turkey

Çıtak¹,

Dural²,

Gönen³

2019

Gazi University Journal of Science

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“…Under such conditions, selection plausibly eliminates rays as part of a suite of features that increase mechanical resistance of the secondary xylem. For instance, in Stanleya pinnata (Brassicaceae) the inner wood is rayless and its interfascicular sectors are fibrous and change into parenchyma in the outer regions, almost simultaneously with the formation of new rays (Carlquist 2016, fig. 25A).…”

Section: Ultimate Causes Of Raylessnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raylessness and paedomorphosis: losses and gains of xylem rays en route from procambium to vascular cambium

Frankiewicz

Oskolski

2023

IAWA J.

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Summary A recurring motif of Carlquist’s work is the identification of traits typical for primary xylem of angiosperms as a whole, but found in the secondary xylem of certain species. These traits together make up the ‘Carlquistian syndrome’. Convergent occurrence of the syndrome in plants with similar habits suggests its adaptive value. One of its components — raylessness — has received the most attention and has been regarded as the result of selection favouring stem rigidity. However, how raylessness (or the Carlquistian syndrome in general) arises ontogenetically has been little studied. Here, we report that in some plants secondary xylem resembles primary xylem of the same individual, and not that of angiosperms in general as observed by Carlquist. Based on literature and microslide surveys, we identified this prolongation of primary xylem patterns into secondary xylem in most major clades of non-monocot angiosperms, including magnoliids, asterids and rosids.

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“…Carlquist interpreted ecological and evolutionary patterns in wood anatomy through a functional perspective. This included vessel diameter as related to hydraulic efficiency, which is described by the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, as well as the hypothesis that wider conduits were more likely to be vulnerable to cavitation and subsequent embolism relative to narrower co-occurring conduits (Carlquist 1975(Carlquist , 1984(Carlquist , 2012(Carlquist , 2016(Carlquist , 2018. These were explicitly presented as within-tissue patterns and tradeoffs in conductive efficiency versus safety from transport failure, with differential roles posited for co-occurring conduits that differed in diameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vessel diameter polymorphism determines vulnerability-to-embolism curve shape

Jacobsen

Pratt

2023

IAWA J.

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Summary Sherwin Carlquist proposed several functional interpretations for vessel diameter, including that narrow vessels were hydraulically “safe” while wide diameter vessels were more vulnerable to embolism. He applied these ideas both across species and biomes, and within xylem tissue, where function of growth ring types was inferred from vessel diameter polymorphisms (occurrence of differing vessel diameter classes within a tissue). Following on Carlquist’s ideas, we were interested in evaluating if vessel diameter polymorphism could be linked to vulnerability-to-embolism curve shape. Vulnerability curves were fit with a model that included a continuous shape term (alpha). We predicted that high variation in vessel diameter would result in lower alpha (more r-shaped) curves whereas low variation would produce higher alpha (more s-shaped) curves, with potential for intermediate curve types. Our findings support Carlquist’s functional interpretations of vessel diameter. Vessel diameter polymorphism was strongly correlated to vulnerability curve shape. Homogeneous vessel diameters were associated with more s-shaped curves. As vessel diameter polymorphism increased, alpha declined and curves became more linear. High polymorphism was associated with r-shaped curves. There was no relationship between vessel length and curve shape. Vessel diameter was strongly correlated with a common estimate of embolism resistance (P50), with wider diameter vessels associated with increased vulnerability. Vulnerability curves show enormous variety in shape and scale, and both parameters are likely critical in understanding and predicting plant function. Carlquist’s ecological anatomy data, predictions, and functional inferences will continue to be valuable as we expand our understanding of structure–function links in plant anatomy.

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Wood Anatomy of Brassicales: New Information, New Evolutionary Concepts

Cited by 15 publications

References 59 publications

A Survey of the Morphology, Anatomy, and Palynology of Endemic Bornmuellera kiyakii and B. glabrescens (Brassicaceae) From Turkey

A Survey of the Morphology, Anatomy, and Palynology of Endemic Bornmuellera kiyakii and B. glabrescens (Brassicaceae) From Turkey

Raylessness and paedomorphosis: losses and gains of xylem rays en route from procambium to vascular cambium

Vessel diameter polymorphism determines vulnerability-to-embolism curve shape

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